REFERENCES

TOPIC 1: DO CHILDREN & TEENS WITH SERIOUS GENDER DYSPHORIA EVER OUTGROW GENDER DYSPHORIA?

Cantor, J. (2016, January 11). Do trans- kids stay trans- when they grow up? Retrieved from http://www.sexologytoday.org/2016/01/do-trans-kids-stay-trans-when-they-grow_99.html

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV. (n.d.). Diagnostic criteria for gender identity disorder. Retrieved from https://behavenet.com/diagnostic-criteria-gender-identity-disorder

Dirks, P. (n.d.). Half of all desisters are same-sex attracted. Retrieved from http://womanmeanssomething.com/half-of-all-desisters-are-same-sex-attracted/

Drescher, J., & Byne, W. (2012). Introduction to the Special Issue on “The treatment of gender dysphoric/gender variant children and adolescents”. Journal of Homosexuality, 59(3), 295-300. doi:10.1080/00918369.2012.653299

Drummond, K. D., Bradley, S. J., Peterson-Badali, M., & Zucker, K. J. (2008). A follow-up study of girls with gender identity disorder. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 34-45. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.34

Ehrensaft, D., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649

Gender Dysphoria. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, 5. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.997927

Hruz, P., Mayer, L., & McHugh, P. (2017). Growing pains: problems with puberty suppression in treating gender dysphoria. The New Atlantis, 52, 3-36. Retrieved from https://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/growing-pains

Kleeman, J. (2017, December 1). Transgender children: 'This is who he is? I have to respect that?'. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/sep/12/transgender-children-have-to-respect-who-he-is

Korte, A. (2009). Gender identity disorders in childhood and adolescence – Currently debated concepts and treatment strategies: In reply. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online, 105(48), 834-841. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0318b

Littman, L. (2018). Rapid-onset gender dysphoria in adolescents and young adults: A study of parental reports. PLOS ONE, 13(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330

Lyons, K. (2016, July 11). UK doctor prescribing cross-sex hormones to children as young as 12. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/jul/11/transgender-nhs-doctor-prescribing-sex-hormones-children-uk

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental health of transgender children who are supported in their identities. Pediatrics, 137(3), e20153223. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3223

Olson, K. R., Key, A. C., & Eaton, N. R. (2015). Gender cognition in transgender children. Psychological Science, 26(4), 467-474. doi:10.1177/0956797614568156

Russo, F. (2017, January 6). Where transgender is no longer a diagnosis. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/where-transgender-is-no-longer-a-diagnosis/

Shumer, D. E., & Spack, N. P. (2013). Current management of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity, 20(1), 69-73. doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32835c711e

Singh, D. (2013). A follow-up study of boys with gender identity disorder (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto). Retrieved from http://images.nymag.com/images/2/daily/2016/01/SINGH-DISSERTATION.pdf

Steensma, T. D., Biemond, R., De Boer, F., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2011). Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: A qualitative follow-up study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(4), 499-516. doi:10.1177/1359104510378303

Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors associated with desistence and persistence of childhood gender dysphoria: A quantitative follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582-590. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.03.016

Victor, V.M., Rocha, M., Bañuls, C., Rovira-Llopis, S., Gómez, M., Hernández-Mijares, A. (2014). Mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress in leukocytes after testosterone administration to female-to-male transsexuals. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2014 Feb;11(2):454-61. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12376. Epub 2013 Nov 20. PMID: 24251401.

Vilain, E., & Bailey, M. (2015, May 21). What should you do if your son says he's a girl? Retrieved from https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-vilain-transgender-parents-20150521-story.html

Wallien, M. S., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2008). Psychosexual outcome of gender-dysphoric children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(12), 1413-1423. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31818956b9

Zucker, K. J. (2015). The DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Gender Dysphoria. Management of Gender Dysphoria, 33-37. doi:10.1007/978-88-470-5696-1_4

Zucker, K. J. (2018). The myth of persistence: Response to “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and ‘desistance’ theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018). International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231-245. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1468293

TOPIC 2: SIDE EFFECTS & PERMANENT CONSEQUENCES THAT RESULT FROM THE USE OF HORMONE BLOCKERS, CROSS-SEX HORMONES, & SURGERY ON MINORS

Alzahrani, T., Nguyen, T., Ryan, A. (2019). Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Myocardial Infarction in the Transgender Population. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes. 2019;12. No.4 doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005597

Bangalore, K.K., Fuqua, J.S., Rogol A.D., Klein K.O. · Popovic J., Houk, C.P., Charmandari E., Lee P.A. (2019). Use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs in Children: Update by an International Consortium. Hormone Research in Paediatrics. July 18, 1-16. doi.org/10.1159/000501336

Berenbaum, S. A., & Beltz, A. M. (2011). Sexual differentiation of human behavior: Effects of prenatal and pubertal organizational hormones. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology,32(2), 183-200. doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.03.001

Bertelloni, S., & Mul, D. (2008). Treatment of central precocious puberty by GnRH analogs: Long-term outcome in men. Asian Journal of Andrology,10(4), 525-534. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00409.x

Bizic, M., Kojovic, V., Duisin, D., Stanojevic, D., Vujovic, S., Milosevic, A., . . . Djordjevic, M. L. (2014). An Overview of Neovaginal Reconstruction Options in Male to Female Transsexuals. The Scientific World Journal,2014, 1-8. doi:10.1155/2014/638919

Blakemore, S., Burnett, S., & Dahl, R. E. (2010). The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain. Human Brain Mapping,31(6), 926-933. doi:10.1002/hbm.21052

Bodkin, H. (2017, November 04). Sex-change men 'will soon be able to have babies'. The Telegraph. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/04/babies-born-transgender-mothers-could-happen-tomorrow-fertility/

Boghani, P. (2015, June 30). When Transgender Kids Transition, Medical Risks are Both Known and Unknown. In Frontline. PBS. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/when-transgender-kids-transition-medical-risks-are-both-known-and-unknown/

Buncamper, M. E., Sluis, W. B., Vries, M. D., Witte, B. I., Bouman, M., & Mullender, M. G. (2017). Penile Inversion Vaginoplasty with or without Additional Full-Thickness Skin Graft. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,139(3). doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000003108

Conway, L. (n.d.). Vaginoplasty: Male to Female Sex Reassignment Surgery: Postoperative Care Following Vaginoplasty (SRS). Retrieved from http://ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/TS/SRS.html#anchor104946

De Vries, A., McGuire, J., & Steensma, T. (2014). Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment. Pediatrics,134(4). doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958d

Deutsch, M. (n.d.). Information on Estrogen Hormone Therapy. Retrieved from https://transcare.ucsf.edu/article/information-estrogen-hormone-therapy

Dobner, J., & Salt Lake Tribune. (n.d.). Transgender patient files malpractice suit against Utah physician who removed their ovaries. Retrieved from https://archive.sltrib.com/article.php?id=5564026&itype=CMSID&fullpage=1

Eiland, L., & Romeo, R. (2013). Stress and the developing adolescent brain. Neuroscience,249, 162-171. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.048

Elejalde-Ruiz, A. (2018, September 17). AbbVie nears settlement in thousands of lawsuits alleging harm by testosterone drug AndroGel. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-abbvie-androgel-testosterone-lawsuits-settlement-0915-story.html

Getahun, D., Nash, R., Flander, D (2018, July 10). Cross-sex Hormones and Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Persons. AnnInternMed. doi:10.7326/M17-2785

Fertility Options for Transgender Men and Women. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.fertilityauthority.com/articles/fertility-options-transgender-men-and-women

Foden-Vencil, K. (2016, June 17). Neither Male Nor Female: Oregon Resident Legally Recognized As Third Gender. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2016/06/17/482480188/neither-male-nor-female-oregon-resident-legally-recognized-as-third-gender

Forster, K. (2017, January 08). First man in UK to give birth' finds sperm donor on Facebook. The Independent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/pregnant-man-hayden-cross-sperm-donor-facebook-paused-transition-father-first-give-birth-a7515701.html

Giovanardi, G. (2017). Buying time or arresting development? The dilemma of administering hormone blockers in trans children and adolescents. Porto Biomedical Journal,2(5), 153-156. doi:10.1016/j.pbj.2017.06.001

Gloucester County School Board v. G.G., Https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs_2016_2017/16-273_amicus_pet_mchugh.authcheckdam.pdf (United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit January 10, 2017).

Griffiths, S., & The Sunday Times. (2018, January 21). Schools rushing 'on whisper' to label pupils as transgender. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/schools-rushing-on-whisper-to-label-pupils-as-transgender-0d8zm53qs

Haas, A., Rodgers, P., & Herman, J. (2014). Suicide Attempts among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults(Rep.). Los Angels, CA: The Williams Institute UCLA School of Law. doi:https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf

Hayes, P. (2017). Commentary: Cognitive, Emotional, and Psychosocial Functioning of Girls Treated with Pharmacological Puberty Blockage for Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty. Frontiers in Psychology,8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00044

Hoffkling, A., Obedin-Maliver, J., & Sevelius, J. (2016). From Erasure to Opportunity. Obstetrics & Gynecology,127. doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000483797.38796.7c

James, S., Herman, J., & Rankin, S. (n.d.). The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey(Rep.). Washington DC: National Center for Transgender Equality. doi:https://transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/usts/USTS-Full-Report-Dec17.pdf

Jewett, C., & Kaiser Health News. (2017, November 30). Women Fear Drug They Used To Halt Puberty Led To Health Problems. Retrieved from https://khn.org/news/women-fear-drug-they-used-to-halt-puberty-led-to-health-problems/

Joseph, T., Ting, J., & Butler, G. (2018). The effect of GnRHa treatment on bone density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria: Findings from a large national cohort. Endocrine Abstracts. doi:10.1530/endoabs.58.oc8.2

The Hormone Health Crises: with Endocrinologist William Malone, MD. - Benjamin Boyce [Video file]. (2019, July 12). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=z4RYl75zdMY

Kennedy, P. (2008, March 30). Q&A with Norman Spack A doctor helps children change their gender. Retrieved from http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2008/03/30/qa_with_norman_spack/?page=2

Klink, D., Caris, M., Heijboer, A., Trotsenburg, M. V., & Rotteveel, J. (2015). Bone Mass in Young Adulthood Following Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment and Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment in Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism,100(2). doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2439

Knox, R., & NPR Morning Edition. (2010, March 01). The Teen Brain: It's Just Not Grown Up Yet. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=124119468

Lane, S. (2007, November 01). Steroids linked to cancer, self harm, birth defects. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-11-01/steroids-linked-to-cancer-self-harm-birth-defects/712788

Martyn, A. (2017, February 21). New report describes dangers of giving Lupron to kids. Retrieved from https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/new-report-describes-dangers-of-giving-lupron-to-kids-020317.html

Maya. (2018, August 25). Male-to-female gender changes and sexual functioning. Retrieved from http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/maletofemale_gender_changes_and_sexual_functioning

MTF Vaginoplasty: What Patients Need To Know Before Choosing a Technique. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.mtfsurgery.net/mtf-vaginoplasty.htm

National Women's Health Network. (2015, October 19). Lupron-What Does It Do To Women's Health? Retrieved from https://www.nwhn.org/lupron-what-does-it-do-to-womens-health/

Nota, N. M., Wiepjes, C. M., Blok, C. J., Gooren, L. J., Kreukels, B. P., & Heijer, M. D. (2019). Occurrence of Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Individuals Receiving Hormone Therapy. Circulation,139(11), 1461-1462. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.118.038584

Nota, N.M., Wiepjes, C.M., Blok, C.J., Gooren, L. J., Peerdeman, S.M., Kreukels, B.P., den Heijer, M. (2018). The occurrence of benign brain tumours in transgender individuals during cross-sex hormone treatment. Brain. 2018 Jul 1;141(7):2047-2054. doi: 10.1093/brain/awy108.

Obedin-Maliver, J. (n.d.). Pelvic pain and persistent menses in transgender men: Center of Excellence for Transgender Health. Retrieved from http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=guidelines-pain-transmen

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., Demeules, M., & Mclaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics,137(3). doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3223

Olson-Kennedy, J., Warus, J., Okonta, V., Belzer, M., & Clark, L. F. (2018). Chest Reconstruction and Chest Dysphoria in Transmasculine Minors and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics,172(5), 431. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5440

Parents, keep listening to your gut-not the gender therapist. (2018, May 01). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2015/12/04/parents-keep-listening-to-your-gut-not-the-gender-therapist/

Raigosa, M., Avvedimento, S., Yoon, T. S., Cruz‐Gimeno, J., Rodriguez, G., & Fontdevila, J. (2015). Male‐to‐Female Genital Reassignment Surgery: A Retrospective Review of Surgical Technique and Complications in 60 Patients. The Journal of Sexual Medicine,12(8), 1837-1845. doi:10.1111/jsm.12936

Rashid, M., Tamimy, M.S. (2013). Phalloplasty: The dream and the reality. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 46(2). 283–293. doi: 10.4103/0970-0358.118606

Richards, C., Maxwell, J., McCune, N. (2018). Use of puberty blockers for gender dysphoria: a momentous step in the dark. Archives of Disease in Childhood 104(6), 611-612 doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315881

Ruttiman, J., & Endocrine News. (2015, October 20). Blocking puberty in transgender youth. Retrieved from https://endocrinenews.endocrine.org/blocking-puberty-in-transgender-youth/

Safer, J. (2018, May 14). Transgender Hormone Therapy Is Safe When Monitored For Certain Risks. Retrieved from https://www.endocrineweb.com/professional/gender-identity/transgender-hormone-therapy-safe-when-monitored-certain-risks

Sandoiu, A., & Medical News Today. (2019, February 18). Gender transition drugs could be bad for the heart. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324482.php

Scher, A. (2018, June 9). Trans women on hormones have higher heart health risk, study finds. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/study-finds-health-risks-transgender-women-hormone-therapy-n890031

Schneider, M.A., Spritzer, P.M., Soll, B.M.B., Fontanari, A.M.V, Carneiro, M., Tovar-Moll, F., Costa, A. B., da Silva, D.C., Schwarz, K., Anes. M, Tramontina, S., Lobato M.I.R. (2017, November 14). Brain Maturation, Cognition and Voice Pattern in a Gender Dysphoria Case under Pubertal Suppression. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00528

Sex reassignment surgery by Colon graft technique. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.chet-plasticsurgery.com/colon-graft-technique/

Spack, N. (n.d.). How I help transgender teens become who they want to be. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/norman_spack_how_i_help_transgender_teens_become_who_they_want_to_be?language=en

Stein, A. E. (2018, August 25). Girls using steroids should be aware of adverse effects. Retrieved from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-05-04-0505030356-story.html

Stotzer, R., Herman, J., Hasenbush, A. (2014). Transgender Parenting, a Review of Existing Research. Williams Institute. Retrieved from https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/transgender-parenting/

Tourjée, D. (2016, February 18). 'I Was a Slave to Testosterone': How Sex Changes for Trans Women on Hormones. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/jpy7g7/i-was-a-slave-to-testosterone-how-sex-changes-for-trans-women-on-hormones

Update: Top San Francisco phalloplasty surgeon now with 8 malpractice suits. (2018, March 27). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/03/26/update-san-francisco-phalloplasty-surgeon-now-with-8-malpractice-suits/

Vlot, M. C., Klink, D. T., Heijer, M. D., Blankenstein, M. A., Rotteveel, J., & Heijboer, A. C. (2017). Effect of pubertal suppression and cross-sex hormone therapy on bone turnover markers and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) in transgender adolescents. Bone,95, 11-19. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.008

Vrouenraets, L. J., Fredriks, A. M., Hannema, S. E., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & Vries, M. C. (2015). Early Medical Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria: An Empirical Ethical Study. Journal of Adolescent Health,57(4), 367-373. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.004

Walker-Journey, J. (2017, July 07). Hormone suppressant linked to new side effects. Retrieved from http://www.rightinginjustice.com/news/2017/07/09/hormone-suppressant-linked-to-new-side-effects/

Whitehall, J. (2017, May 10). Childhood Gender Dysphoria and the Law. Retrieved from https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2017/05/childhood-gender-dysphoria-responsibility-courts/

Wierckx, K., Caenegem, E. V., Pennings, G., Elaut, E., Dedecker, D., Peer, F. V., . . . Tsjoen, G. (2011). Reproductive wish in transsexual men. Human Reproduction,27(2), 483-487. doi:10.1093/humrep/der406

Wolton, A. (2018, October 10). What It's Like Hooking Up in Cis Gay Spaces as a Queer Trans Guy. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/wj9739/hook-up-apps-saunas-clubs-queer-trans-experience

Young, S. (2018, April 11). 12-year-old boy who transitioned to female changes his mind 2 years later. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/12-year-old-boy-trans-female-change-mind-years-later-patrick-mitchell-australia-oestrogen-hormones-a7933741.html

TOPIC 3: ARE CHILDREN AND TEENS OLD ENOUGH TO GIVE CONSENT FOR MEDICAL GENDER TRANSITION

Blakemore, S., Burnett, S., & Dahl, R. E. (2010). The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain. Human Brain Mapping,31(6), 926-933. doi:10.1002/hbm.21052

Brain Maturity Extends Well Beyond Teen Years [Radio broadcast]. (2011, October 10). In Tell Me More. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=141164708

Haas, A., Rodgers, P., & Herman, J. (2014). Suicide Attempts among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults(Rep.). Los Angels, CA: The Williams Institute UCLA School of Law. doi:https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf

Inside England’s only gender identity clinic for children. (2016, November 16). Radio Times. doi:https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-11-16/inside-englands-only-gender-identity-clinic-for-children/

Littman, L. (2018). Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria. Plos One,13(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330

Milrod, C., & Karasic, D. H. (2017). Age Is Just a Number: WPATH-Affiliated Surgeons Experiences and Attitudes Toward Vaginoplasty in Transgender Females Under 18 Years of Age in the United States. The Journal of Sexual Medicine,14(4), 624-634. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.02.007

Olson-Kennedy, J., Warus, J., Okonta, V., Belzer, M., & Clark, L. F. (2018). Chest Reconstruction and Chest Dysphoria in Transmasculine Minors and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics,172(5), 431. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5440

Rippon, G. (2017, November 30). Brain Scans Reveal Why Rewards and Punishments Don’t Seem to Work on Teenagers. Scientific American. doi:https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brain-scans-reveal-why-rewards-and-punishments-dont-seem-to-work-on-teenagers/?redirect=1

Sapoloski, R. (2014, July 4). Dude, Where’s My Frontal Cortex? Nautilus. doi:http://nautil.us/issue/15/turbulence/dude-wheres-my-frontal-cortex

Search Methodology for Research Analysis on the Effect of Gender Transition on Transgender Well-being. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://whatweknow.inequality.cornell.edu/about/selection-methodology/

TOPIC 4: AFFIRMATIVE MODEL MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS/DOCTORS & STATEMENTS SUGGESTING LACK OF CONCRETE KNOWLEDGE OF LONG-TERM SAFETY & EFFECTS ON DESISTANCE

Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., Delemarre‐van de Waal, H. A., & Gooren, L. J. (2008). The Treatment of Adolescent Transsexuals: Changing Insights. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(8), 1892-1897. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2008.00870.x

De Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment. Pediatrics, 134(4), 696-704. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958

Dreger, A. (2017, February 6). Lupron: Déjà Vu All Over Again. Retrieved from https://impactethics.ca/2017/02/06/lupron-deja-vu-all-over-again/amp/?__twitter_impression=true

Drummond, K. D., Bradley, S. J., Peterson-Badali, M., & Zucker, K. J. (2008). A follow-up study of girls with gender identity disorder. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 34-45. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.34

Ehrensaft, D., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649

Encyclopedia of Early Childhood Development. (n.d.). Social cognition. Retrieved from http://www.child-encyclopedia.com/social-cognition/according-experts/social-cognitive-development-early-childhood

Green, R. (2017). To Transition or Not to Transition? That Is the Question. Current Sexual Health Reports, 9(2), 163. Retrieved from DOI: 10.1007/s11930-017-0106-5

Hutz, P., Mayer, L., & McHugh, P. (2017). Growing Pains: Problems with Puberty Suppression in Treating Gender Dysphoria. The New Atlantis, 52, 3-36. Retrieved from http://stlouiscma.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Full-article-New-Atlantis-on-puberty-suppression-Hruz-Mayer-McHugh.pdf

Korte, A. (2009). Gender Identity Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence – Currently Debated Concepts and Treatment Strategies: In reply. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0318b

Lament, C. (2014). Conundrums and Controversies—An Introduction to the Section. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 68(1), 13-27. doi:10.1080/00797308.2015.11785503

Murchison, G. (2016). Supporting and caring for transgender children. Retrieved from Human Rights Campaign Foundation website: https://assets2.hrc.org/files/documents/SupportingCaringforTransChildren.pdf

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics, 137(3), e20153223. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3223

Poasha, K. H., Blanchard, R., & Zucker, K. J. (2004). Birth Order in Transgendered Males from Polynesia: A Quantitative Study of SamoanFa'afāfine. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 30(1), 13-23. doi:10.1080/00926230490247110

Shumer, D. E., & Spack, N. P. (2013). Current management of gender identity disorder in childhood and adolescence. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity, 20(1), 69-73. doi:10.1097/med.0b013e32835c711e

Singal, J. (2018, March 28). A Lot of People, Myself Included, Have Been Misreading the Single Biggest Published Study on? Retrieved from https://medium.com/@jesse.singal/everyone-myself-included-has-been-misreading-the-single-biggest-study-on-childhood-gender-8b6b3d82dcf3

Sorbel, A. (2018, August 21). Iran Offers Acceptance for Transgender People but Death to Gays. Advocate. Retrieved from https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2018/5/21/iran-offers-acceptance-transgender-people-death-gays

Steensma, T. D., Biemond, R., De Boer, F., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2011). Desisting and persisting gender dysphoria after childhood: A qualitative follow-up study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16(4), 499-516. doi:10.1177/1359104510378303

Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582-590. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.03.016

Temple Newhook, J., Pyne, J., Winters, K., Feder, S., Holmes, C., Tosh, J., … Pickett, S. (2018). A critical commentary on follow-up studies and “desistance” theories about transgender and gender-nonconforming children. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 212-224. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1456390

Vrouenraets, L. J., Fredriks, A. M., Hannema, S. E., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & De Vries, M. C. (2015). Early Medical Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria: An Empirical Ethical Study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 367-373. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.004

Zucker, K. J. (2018). The myth of persistence: Response to “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and ‘desistance’ theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018). International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231-245. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1468293

TOPIC 5: MENTAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS HAVE MOVED FROM A MENTAL HEALTH SCREENING MODEL TO A GENDER DYSPHORIA AFFIRMATIVE MODEL

American Psychiatric Association. (n.d.). Updates to DSM-5 Criteria, Text, and ICD-10 Codes. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/updates-to-dsm-5

Blakemore, S., & Robbins, T. (2012). Decision-making in the adolescent brain. Nature Neuroscience, 15, 1184–1191. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/nn.3177

Bradley, S. (2017, January 12). How trans activists are unethically influencing autistic children to change genders. National Post [Toronto]. Retrieved from https://nationalpost.com/opinion/susan-bradley-how-trans-activists-are-unethically-influencing-autistic-children-to-change-genders

Byng, R., Bewley, S., Clifford, D., & McCartney, M. (2018). Response to: Trans health needs better inpatient services too. BMJ. Retrieved from https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k3371/rr-0

Chart, N. (2017, April 14). Autistic kids don’t need mastectomies. Feminist Current. Retrieved from https://www.feministcurrent.com/2017/04/14/autistic-kids-dont-need-mastectomies/

Clinical Essentials for Increased Understanding of the Diverse Transgender Community. (2016, March 14). The 2016 Jon E. Nadherny/Calciano Memorial Youth Symposium [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30rEjumFaDY&feature=youtu.be

D'Angelo, R., & Gender Dysphoria Working Group. (2018, August 27). Response to Julia Serano's critique of Lisa Littman's paper: Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Study of Parental Reports. Retrieved from http://gdworkinggroup.org/2018/08/27/response-to-julia-seranos-critique-of-lisa-littmans-paper-rapid-onset-gender-dysphoria-in-adolescents-and-young-adults-a-study-of-parental-reports/

Donym, S. (2018, August 6). Inauthentic Selves: The modern LGBTQ+ Movement Is Run By Philanthropic Astroturf And Based On Junk? Retrieved from https://medium.com/@sue.donym1984/inauthentic-selves-the-modern-lgbtq-movement-is-run-by-philanthropic-astroturf-and-based-on-junk-d08eb6aa1a4b

Doward, J. (2018, November 3). Too young to decide? Questions dividing real-life Butterfly families. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/nov/03/real-life-butterfly-families-transgender-child-tavistock-clinic

Doward, J. (2018, November 3). Gender identity clinic accused of fast-tracking young adults. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/nov/03/tavistock-centre-gender-identity-clinic-accused-fast-tracking-young-adults?CMP=twt_gu

Dreger, A., & Impact Ethics. (2017, February 6). Lupron: Déjà Vu All Over Again. Retrieved from https://impactethics.ca/2017/02/06/lupron-deja-vu-all-over-again/amp/?__twitter_impression=true

Ehrensaft, D. (2018). Double Helix Rainbow Kids. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(12), 4079-4081. doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3716-5

Endocrinologist William Malone, MD. - Benjamin Boyce [Video file]. (2019, July 12). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=z4RYl75zdMY

Forster, K. (2017, July 12). Labiaplasty: Vaginal surgery 'world's fastest-growing cosmetic procedure', say plastic surgeons. The Independant. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/labiaplasty-vagina-surgery-cosmetic-procedure-plastic-study-international-society-aesthetic-plastic-a7837181.html

Gender Dysphoria 101 with Dr. Susan Bradley -Wrongspeak [Video file]. (2018, December 20). Retrieved from The Hormone Health Crises: with

Griffiths, S. (2018, January 21). Schools rushing ‘on whisper’ to label pupils as transgender. The Times [London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/schools-rushing-on-whisper-to-label-pupils-as-transgender-0d8zm53qs

Hardy, R. (2017, October 14). How a psychotherapist who has backed transgender rights for years was plunged into a Kafkaesque nightmare after asking if young people changing sex might later regret it. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4979498/amp/James-Caspian-attacked-transgender-children-comments.html

Jarrett, C. (2018, July 31). Systematic review finds only “qualified support” for hormonal treatments for gender dysphoria in youth. BPS Research Digest. Retrieved from https://digest.bps.org.uk/2018/07/23/systematic-review-puberty-suppressing-drugs-do-not-alleviate-gender-dysphoria/amp/?__twitter_impression=true

Jellestad, L., Jäggi, T., Corbisiero, S., Schaefer, D. J., Jenewein, J., Schneeberger, A., … Garcia Nuñez, D. (2018). Quality of Life in Transitioned Trans Persons: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2018/8684625

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Bergman, H., Työläjärvi, M., & Frisen, L. (2018). Gender dysphoria in adolescence: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Volume 9, 31-41. doi:10.2147/ahmt.s135432

Mom forces insurance company to cover double mastectomy for her 15-year-old, with support of WPATH & Dan Karasic, MD. (2016, February 25). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2016/01/17/mom-forces-insurance-company-to-cover-double-mastectomy-for-her-15-year-old-with-support-of-wpath-dan-karasic-md/

More Minnesota Teens Identifying As Transgender. (2018, February 25). CBS Minnesota. Retrieved from https://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2018/02/05/teens-transgender/

Oremus, W., & Slate. (2013, February 13). Here Are All 56 "Custom" Gender Options on Facebook. Retrieved from https://slate.com/technology/2014/02/facebook-custom-gender-options-here-are-all-56-custom-options.html

Patterson, T. (2017). Unconscious homophobia and the rise of the transgender movement. Psychodynamic Practice, 24(1), 56-59. doi:10.1080/14753634.2017.1400740

PRWeb. (2014, September 5). Beverly Hills Plastic Surgeon, Gary Alter, MD, Performs Gender Reassignment Surgery on Youngest Transsexual Patient in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/09/prweb12141694.htm

Reynolds, C. (2016, February 14). Closing of CAMH clinic fans controversy over gender-questioning children. The Star [Toronto]. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2016/02/14/closing-of-camh-clinic-fans-controversy-over-gender-questioning-children.html

Rippon, G. (2017, November 30). Brain scans reveal why rewards and punishments don’t seem to work on teenagers. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/brain-scans-reveal-why-rewards-and-punishments-dont-seem-to-work-on-teenagers/

Rodgers, P., Hass, A., & Herman, J. (2014). Suicide Attempts among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults. Retrieved from Williams Institute website: https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf

Rogan, M. (2018, September 17). Growing up trans. The Walrus. Retrieved from https://thewalrus.ca/growing-up-trans/

Rowe, P. (2016, April 7). How a girl born at 2 pounds became a happy boy. San Diego Union Tribune . Retrieved from https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/people/sdut-transgender-teens-new-life-2016apr07-story.html

Ruse, A. (2016, June 29). Mother can't stop doctor from mutilating autistic daughter who wants to be a transgender boy. Breitbart. Retrieved from https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2016/06/29/hold-mother-cant-stop-doctor-from-mutilating-autistic-daughter-who-wants-to-be-a-boy/

Singal, J. (2018, July/August). When children say they’re trans. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/07/when-a-child-says-shes-trans/561749/

Smith, B., & American Psychological Association. (2012, June). Inappropriate prescribing. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/monitor/2012/06/prescribing

Soh, D. (2018, January 24). Don’t treat all cases of gender dysphoria the same way. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/dont-treat-all-cases-of-gender-dysphoria-the-same-way/article37711831/?utm_medium=Referrer:+Social+Network+/+Media&utm_campaign=Shared+Web+Article+Links

Stark, J. (2009, May 31). Sex-change clinic 'got it wrong'. Sidney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://amp.smh.com.au/national/sexchange-clinic-got-it-wrong-20090530-br3u.html?__twitter_impression=true

Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582-590. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.03.016

Tourjée, D. (2014, August 4). Why Some Men Choose to Surgically Remove Their Penis. Vice. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/3kd3mb/why-some-men-choose-to-surgically-remove-their-penis

TransgenderTrend. (2017, September 19). NHS Public Consultation. Retrieved from https://www.transgendertrend.com/nhs-public-consultation/

Vrouenraets, L. J., Fredriks, A. M., Hannema, S. E., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & De Vries, M. C. (2015). Early Medical Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria: An Empirical Ethical Study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 367-373. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.004

Vrouenraets, L. J., Fredriks, A. M., Hannema, S. E., Cohen-Kettenis, P. T., & De Vries, M. C. (2015). Early Medical Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria: An Empirical Ethical Study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(4), 367-373. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.004

What is the Connection Between Autism and Gender Dysphoria? (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-the-connection-between-autism-and-gender-dysphoria/

Withers, R., & The Society for Analytic Psychotherapy. (2017, October 16). Gender dysphoria and transgendered states. Retrieved from https://www.thesap.org.uk/events/gender-dysphoria-transgendered-states-view-consulting-room-robert-withers/

TOPIC 6: EXAMPLES OF MINORS BEING MEDICALLY TRANSITIONED WITHOUT ANY MEANINGFUL PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENTS

Butler, G., De Graaf, N., Wren, B., & Carmichael, P. (2018). Assessment and support of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Archives of Disease in Childhood, archdischild-2018-314992. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-314992

De Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment. Pediatrics, 134(4), 696-704. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958

Gender Dysphoria Working Group, & D'Angelo, R. (2018, August 27). Response to Julia Serano's critique of Lisa Littman's paper: Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Study of Parental Reports. Retrieved from http://gdworkinggroup.org/2018/08/27/response-to-julia-seranos-critique-of-lisa-littmans-paper-rapid-onset-gender-dysphoria-in-adolescents-and-young-adults-a-study-of-parental-reports/

Kearns, M. (2018, September 18). Why Are Pediatrician Groups Conforming to Transgender Orthodoxy. National Review. Retrieved from https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/09/pediatrician-groups-transgender-orthodoxy/

Letter of Concern Sent to LGBT Rights, Health, Media Orgs Over Youth Being Misdiagnosed as Transgender. (2017, March 19). Retrieved from http://www.thehomoarchy.com/letter-of-concern-sent-to-lgbt-rights-health-media-orgs-over-youth-being-misdiagnosed-as-trans/

Littman, L. (2018). Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0202330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330

Manning, S. (2017, October 31). NHS pressured our kids to change sex: Transgender backlash as desperate parents accuse overzealous therapists of 'blindly accepting' children's claims to have been born in wrong body. The Daily Mail [London]. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5027927/NHS-pressured-kids-change-sex.html

Marchiano, L. (2017, March 20). Transgender Teens: Sometimes Caution is the Right Approach. Retrieved from http://www.psychedinsanfrancisco.com/transgender-teens-sometimes-caution-right-approach/

Marchiano, L. (2017, October 6). Misunderstanding a New Kind of Gender Dysphoria. Quillette. Retrieved from https://quillette.com/2017/10/06/misunderstanding-new-kind-gender-dysphoria/

Parents, keep listening to your gut not the gender therapist. (2018, May 1). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2015/12/04/parents-keep-listening-to-your-gut-not-the-gender-therapist/

Roshell, S. (2016, April 19). The sudden surge of transgender teens. The Santa Barbara Intependent. Retrieved from https://www.independent.com/2016/04/19/sudden-surge-transgender-teens/

Rotondi, N. K., Bauer, G. R., Scanlon, K., Kaay, M., Travers, R., & Travers, A. (2013). Nonprescribed Hormone Use and Self-Performed Surgeries: “Do-It-Yourself” Transitions in Transgender Communities in Ontario, Canada. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1830-1836. doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301348

Ruse, A. (2016, January 29). Mother can't stop doctor from mutilating autistic daughter who wants to be a transgender boy. Breitbart. Retrieved from https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2016/06/29/hold-mother-cant-stop-doctor-from-mutilating-autistic-daughter-who-wants-to-be-a-boy/

Singal, J. (2008, July). When children say they’re trans. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/07/when-a-child-says-shes-trans/561749/

SECTION 7: CONVERSION THERAPY LAWS

Cantor, J., & Sexology Today. (2018, October 17). American Academy of Pediatrics policy and trans- kids:Fact-checking. Retrieved from http://www.sexologytoday.org/2018/10/american-academy-of-pediatrics-policy.html

Children Left Unprotected By New Memorandum Of Understanding On Conversion Therapy. (2017, October 19). Retrieved from https://www.transgendertrend.com/children-left-unprotected-by-new-memorandum-of-understanding-on-conversion-therapy/

Ehrensaft, D., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649

Facts About Changing Sexual Orientation. (2012, May 18). Retrieved from https://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/html/facts_changing.html

Hardy, R. (2017, October 14). How a psychotherapist who has backed transgender rights for years was plunged into a Kafkaesque nightmare after asking if young people changing sex might later regret it. The Daily Mail [London]. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4979498/amp/James-Caspian-attacked-transgender-children-comments.html

Hellen, N. (2017, November 19). ‘Wrong gender’ feelings could be teen anxiety. The Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/wrong-gender-feelings-could-be-teen-anxiety-bpr7jr3wd

Manning, S., & Adams, S. (2018, July 22). Autistic children given sex change drugs by the NHS: Up to 150 youngsters treated with puberty-blocking jabs 'might not even be transgender'. The Daily Mail--The Mail on Sunday [London]. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-5978515/amp/Up-150-youngsters-treated-puberty-blocking-jabs-not-transgender.html?__twitter_impression=true

Soh, D. (2018, January 24). Don’t treat all cases of gender dysphoria the same way. The Globe and Mail [Toronto]. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/dont-treat-all-cases-of-gender-dysphoria-the-same-way/article37711831/?utm_medium=Referrer:+Social+Network+/+Media&utm_campaign=Shared+Web+Article+Links

Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582-590. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.03.016

Stock, K. (2018, November 15). Stonewall’s new definition of ‘conversion therapy’ raises a few questions. The Article. Retrieved from https://www.thearticle.com/stonewalls-new-definition-of-conversion-therapy-raises-a-few-questions/

Update: Top San Francisco phalloplasty surgeon now with 8 malpractice suits. (2018, March 27). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/03/26/update-san-francisco-phalloplasty-surgeon-now-with-8-malpractice-suits/

Whitehall, J. (2016, December 15). Gender dysphoria and surgical abuse. The Quadrant. Retrieved from https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2016/12/gender-dysphoria-child-surgical-abuse/

Zucker, K. J. (2018). The myth of persistence: Response to “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and ‘desistance’ theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018). International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231-245. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1468293

TOPIC 8: REGRET RATES AND LONG TERM MENTAL HEALTH

Abramovitch, S. (2016, September 13). "A Tear in the Ocean": The Final Days of Alexis Arquette. Retrieved from https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/final-days-alexis-arquette-a-928507

Adams, N., Hitomi, M., & Moody, C. (2017). Varied Reports of Adult Transgender Suicidality: Synthesizing and Describing the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literature. Transgender Health, 2(1), 60-75. doi:10.1089/trgh.2016.0036

Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Retrieved from https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/other-related-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd

Bagot, M. (2017, October 22). 'Some are confused, others are trapped in the wrong body': Astonishing 50 kids a week referred to sex change clinics. The Mirror. Retrieved from https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/record-50-children-week-referred-11390561

Batty, D. (2004, July 30). Mistaken identity. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/jul/31/health.socialcare

Becker, I., Gjergji-Lama, V., Romer, G., & Möller, B. (2014). Characteristics of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria referred to the Hamburg Gender Identity Clinic. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr, 63(6), 486-509. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25296510

Cornell University. (2018, March 26). What does the scholarly research say about the effect of gender transition on transgender well-being? Retrieved from https://whatweknow.inequality.cornell.edu/topics/lgbt-equality/what-does-the-scholarly-research-say-about-the-well-being-of-transgender-people/

Cretella, M. (2016). Gender Dysphoria in Children and Suppression of Debate. Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons, 21(2). Retrieved from https://www.jpands.org/vol21no2/cretella.pdf

DownUnder, L. (2018, July 31). Why Trans Kids Need Gatekeepers. Quillette. Retrieved from https://quillette.com/2018/07/31/why-trans-kids-need-gatekeepers/

Gender Identity Development Services NIH. (n.d.). Does a child's gender remain the same after a certain age or might it change as they get older?. Retrieved from http://gids.nhs.uk/continuing-and-not-continuing-studies

House of Commons Women and Equalities Committee. (2016). Transgender equality inquiry. Retrieved from https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201516/cmselect/cmwomeq/390/39002.htm

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Sumia, M., Työläjärvi, M., & Lindberg, N. (2015). Two years of gender identity service for minors: overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in adolescent development. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1). doi:10.1186/s13034-015-0042-y

Kleeman, J. (2015, September 12). Transgender children: ‘This is who he is – I have to respect that’. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/sep/12/transgender-children-have-to-respect-who-he-is

Littman, L. (2018). Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0202330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330

Marshall, E., Claes, L., Bouman, W. P., Witcomb, G. L., & Arcelus, J. (2015). Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality in trans people: A systematic review of the literature. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 58-69. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1073143

Rudgard, O. (2017, November 1). Transgender people can end up 'badly damaged' says Lord Robert Winston. The Telegraph [London]. Retrieved from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/01/transgender-people-can-end-badly-damaged-says-lord-robert-winston/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter

Sheridan, A. (2018, June 4). Sex-change specialist warns of surgery regrets as two Irish people reverse procedure. Retrieved from https://extra.ie/2018/06/04/lifestyle/health/sex-change-surgery-regrets-ireland

Stark, J. (2009, May 31). 'I will never be able to have sex again. Ever. The Sidney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/national/i-will-never-be-able-to-have-sex-again-ever-20090530-br41.html

Stella, C. (2016, September 3). Female detransition and reidentification: Survey results and interpretation. Retrieved from https://guideonragingstars.tumblr.com/post/149877706175/female-detransition-and-reidentification-survey

Turner, J. (2017, November 11). Meet Alex Bertie, the transgender poster boy. The Times UK[London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/meet-alex-bertie-the-transgender-poster-boy-z88hgh8b8

Update: Top San Francisco phalloplasty surgeon now with 8 malpractice suits. (2018, March 27). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/03/26/update-san-francisco-phalloplasty-surgeon-now-with-8-malpractice-suits/

Waterlow, L. (2016, November 11). Experts reveal how children as young as three struggle with gender identity - but warn pressure to 'fit in' could be behind increase in those wanting sex change. The Daily Mail Online. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-3923772/Experts-reveals-children-aged-THREE-struggle-gender-identity.html#ixzz5BHgv57Cp

TOPIC 9: NEW WORLD ORDER: HOW WILL THE ENVIRONMENT GENDER ACTIVISTS CREATED AFFECT DESISTANCE RATES & GENDER NONCONFORMING YOUNG PEOPLE IN GENERAL?

Banerjee, S. (2018, September 5). Trans puppet named Julian to help young kids exploring gender issues. Toronto City News. Retrieved from https://toronto.citynews.ca/2018/09/05/trans-puppet-named-julian-to-help-young-kids-exploring-gender-issues/

Banim, J. (2018, January 25). Transgender Dolls Have Hit The Children’s Toy Market. Unliad. Retrieved from https://www.unilad.co.uk/life/transgender-dolls-have-hit-the-childrens-toy-market/

Carpay, J. (2019, August 16). B.C. court ruling against father in child hormone treatment case sets dangerous precedent. The Post Millennial. Retrieved from https://www.thepostmillennial.com/bc-court-ruling-father-child-hormone-treatment-case-dangerous/

Chastain, M. (2018, October 17). Hungary Bans Gender Studies Since It's 'an Ideology, Not a Science'. Retrieved from https://legalinsurrection.com/2018/10/hungary-bans-gender-studies-since-its-an-ideology-not-a-science/

Clarke-Billings, L. (2016, December 7). British primary schools get 'trans-inclusive environment' training. Newsweek. Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/transgender-workshops-aim-create-trans-inclusive-environment-british-primary-479645

Compton, J. (2018, July 19). 'Boy or girl?' Parents raising 'theybies' let kids decide. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/boy-or-girl-parents-raising-theybies-let-kids-decide-n891836

Dreier, N. (2017, October 17). Gender-neutral birth certificate approved in California. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved from https://www.ajc.com/news/national/gender-neutral-birth-certificate-approved-california/usSoEReRk1vFa8qIRa39iI/

Ehrensaft, D., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649

Gregory, A. (2015, April 7). NHS treating transgender kids aged just three as sex change doctors see soaring numbers of under 10s. The Mirror. Retrieved from https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/nhs-treating-transgender-kids-aged-5475663

Holyfield, V. (2018, September 26). Colorado: Champion on forefront of non-binary birth certificates. Out Front Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.outfrontmagazine.com/featured/colorado-champion-on-forefront-of-non-binary-birth-certificates/

Human Rights Campaign. (2016, April 12). Lesson Plans to to Help Kids Understand Gender | Welcoming Schools. Retrieved from http://www.welcomingschools.org/resources/lesson-plans/transgender-youth/transgender-with-books/

In re: JNS, & Judge Sieve Hendon, S. (2018). Judicial Entry No. F17-334 X. Retrieved from Hamilton County Juvenile Court website: https://www.prizmnews.com/wp-content/uploads/371667957-Ruling-from-Judge-Sylvia-Sieve-Hendon-on-transgender-boy.pdf

Inge, S. (2017, October 8). Taxpayer-funded transgender charity which offered same-day hormone treatment for children is banned from contacting family after mother forced her son, seven, to live as a girl. The Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4960080/Transgender-charity-banned-contacting-family.html

It’s not conversion therapy to learn to love your body: A teen desister tells her story. (2018, August 31). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2017/11/07/a-teen-desister-tells-her-story/

Jao, A. (2018, May 9). Gender 'X': Ontario issues its first 'nonbinary' birth certificate. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/gender-x-ontario-issues-its-first-ever-non-binary-birth-n872676

Kilman, C. (2014, Summer). The Gender Spectrum: Move beyond the pink/blue binary to support students who don’t conform to narrow gender norms. Teaching Tolerance, (44). Retrieved from https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/summer-2013/the-gender-spectrum

Montemayor, S. (2017, May 23). Minnesota mother's lawsuit against child's gender transition is dismissed. Minnesota Star Tribune. Retrieved from http://www.startribune.com/minnesota-mother-s-lawsuit-against-child-s-gender-transition-is-dismissed/423901963/?refresh=true

NYC to add nonbinary ‘X’ designation to birth certificates. (2018, September 12). AP News. Retrieved from https://apnews.com/44ecc89cc6c1452f9373ab7df3b9d2ec

Olson-Kennedy, J., Warus, J., Okonta, V., Belzer, M., & Clark, L. F. (2018). Chest Reconstruction and Chest Dysphoria in Transmasculine Minors and Young Adults. JAMA Pediatrics, 172(5), 431. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.5440

Raising theyby: Why some parents are raising gender-neutral babies. (2018, April 19). Retrieved from https://globalnews.ca/news/4152075/gender-neutral-baby/

Ritschel, C. (2018, April 3). Parents raise child as a gender-neutral 'they-by'. The Independent[London]. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/theyby-gender-neutral-child-parents-raise-couple-kyl-myers-zoomer-a8286876.html

Smith, S. (2015, July 13). Gender Reassignment Surgery Is Now Available To Oregon Minors Without Parental Consent. Medical Daily. Retrieved from https://www.medicaldaily.com/gender-reassignment-surgery-now-available-oregon-minors-without-parental-consent-342670

Spiegel, A. (2008, May 7). Q&A: Therapists on Gender Identity Issues in Kids. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=90229789

Spillett, R. (2015, September 21). Children as young as three should be taught about transgender issues using story books about PENGUINS, MPs told. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3243313/Children-young-three-taught-transgender-issues-MPs-told.html

Toce, S. (2017, October 5). Trans Teen Sues Catholic Health Organization After Being Denied Medical Care. Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/bellingham-teen-denied-medical-care-for-gender-dysphoria_b_59d6bb25e4b08ce873a8cc92

Tribune Media. (2017, September 21). Florida elementary school teacher asks students to use gender neutral pronouns. WQAD 8 [Moline]. Retrieved from https://wqad.com/2017/09/21/teachers-gender-neutral-pronoun-note-causes-stir-among-parents/

Why I supported my autistic daughter's social transition to a man. (2018, June 7). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/06/07/why-i-supported-my-autistic-daughters-social-transition-to-a-man/

Williams, & Care2. (n.d.). Transgender Teens Win Major Court Victory in Australia. Retrieved from https://www.care2.com/causes/transgender-teens-win-major-court-victory-in-australia.html

Zeidler, M. (2017, June 30). Parent fights to omit gender on B.C. child's birth certificate. Canadian Broadcasting Company. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/parent-fights-to-omit-gender-on-b-c-child-s-birth-certificate-1.4186221

TOPIC 10: NATURE VERSUS NURTURE: WHAT OTHER FACTORS BESIDES “INNATE GENDER IDENTITY” CONTRIBUTE TO TRANS IDENTIFICATION IN YOUNG PEOPLE?

ABC News. (2016, August 10). Mom of 5-Year-Old Trans Girl Fights School District Over Bathroom Access [Video file]. Retrieved from https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/mother-year-transgender-girl-fights-texas-school-district/story?id=41266373

American Sociological Association. (2016, August 23). Study examines families' journeys to accepting transgender children: Mothers play key advocacy role. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160823083209.htm

Amsel, B. (2013, January 9). How Parents Fuel Identity Crises in Their Children. Retrieved from https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/parents-children-identity-individuation-0108135

Ayad, S. (2018, November 12). How I Work with Gender-questioning Teens. Retrieved from http://gdworkinggroup.org/2018/11/12/how-i-work-with-rogd-teens/

Baba, T., Endo, T., Honnma, H., Kitajima, Y., Hayashi, T., Ikeda, H., … Saito, T. (2007). Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and female-to-male transsexuality. Human Reproduction, 22(4), 1011-1016. Retrieved from https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/22/4/1011/696190#12239204

Bailey, J. M. (2003). The Man Who Would Be Queen: The Science of Gender-Bending and Transsexualism [Kindle].

Bailey, J. M., Vasey, P. L., Diamond, L. M., Breedlove, S. M., Vilain, E., & Epprecht, M. (2016). Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 17(2), 45-101. doi:10.1177/1529100616637616

Bailey, M., & Blanchard, R. (2017, December 7). Gender dysphoria is not one thing. Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2017/12/07/gender-dysphoria-is-not-one-thing/

Bechard, M., VanderLaan, D. P., Wood, H., Wasserman, L., & Zucker, K. J. (2016). Psychosocial and Psychological Vulnerability in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: A “Proof of Principle” Study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(7), 678-688. doi:10.1080/0092623x.2016.1232325

Begley, S. (n.d.). The Anti-Lesbian Drug. Retrieved from http://www.sharonlbegley.com/the-anti-lesbian-drug

Berglund, H., Lindstrom, P., & Savic, I. (2006). Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(21), 8269-8274. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600331103

Bradley, S. (2017, January 12). How trans activists are unethically influencing autistic children to change genders. National Post [Toronto]. Retrieved from https://nationalpost.com/opinion/susan-bradley-how-trans-activists-are-unethically-influencing-autistic-children-to-change-genders

Brain Maturity Extends Well Beyond Teen Years. (2011, October 10). NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=141164708

Byne, W., Bradley, S. J., Coleman, E., Eyler, A. E., Green, R., Menvielle, E. J., … Tompkins, D. A. (2012). Report of the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on Treatment of Gender Identity Disorder. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41(4), 759-796. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9975-x

Cantor, J. M. (2011). New MRI Studies Support the Blanchard Typology of Male-to-Female Transsexualism. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40(5), 863-864. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9805-6

Caswell, T. A., & Sackett-Fox, K. (2018). Gender-atypical personality or sexual behavior: What is disgusting about male homosexuality? The Journal of Social Psychology, 158(5), 591-602. doi:10.1080/00224545.2018.1424111

Claar, R. L., Guite, J. W., Kaczynski, K. J., & Logan, D. E. (2010). Factor Structure of the Adult Responses to Childrenʼs Symptoms: Validation in Children and Adolescents With Diverse Chronic Pain Conditions. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 26(5), 410-417. doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3181cf5706

Coghlan, A. (2008, June 16). Gay brains structured like those of the opposite sex. New Scientist. Retrieved from https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn14146-gay-brains-structured-like-those-of-the-opposite-sex/

Colizzi, M., Costa, R., & Todarello, O. (2015). Dissociative symptoms in individuals with gender dysphoria: Is the elevated prevalence real? Psychiatry Research, 226(1), 173-180. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.045

De Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment. PEDIATRICS, 134(4), 696-704. Retrieved from https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2014/09/02/peds.2013-2958.full.pdf

DeLay, D., Lynn Martin, C., Cook, R. E., & Hanish, L. D. (2017). The Influence of Peers During Adolescence: Does Homophobic Name Calling by Peers Change Gender Identity? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(3), 636-649. doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0749-6

Dolan, E. (2018, August 13). Brain scan study: Bisexual and heterosexual women similarly aroused by male and female erotica. Retrieved from https://www.psypost.org/2018/02/brain-scan-study-bisexual-heterosexual-women-equally-aroused-male-female-50707

Donym, S. (2018, December 22). The New Conversion Therapy: How Homophobic Quackery Is Targeting Children. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@sue.donym1984/the-new-conversion-therapy-how-homophobic-quackery-is-targeting-children-a1f6f67ca3fd

Dr. James Cantor's Revolutionary Theory on Transgender People [Video file]. (2017, November 6). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3Ub65CwiRI

Dreger, A. (2016). Galileo's Middle Finger: Heretics, Activists, and One Scholar's Search for Justice. London, England: Penguin Books.

Dreger, A. (n.d.). Answers to Some Questions about Autogynephilia. Retrieved from http://alicedreger.com/autogyn

Ehrensaft, D. (2018). Double Helix Rainbow Kids. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(12), 4079-4081. doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3716-5

Ehrensaft, D., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649

European Society of Endocrinology. (2018, May 24). Transgender brains are more like their desired gender from an early age. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180524112351.htm

Ferris. (2018, December 2). Exposed: The Truth About Top Surgery. Huffington Post UK. Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/lj-ferris/exposed-the-truth-about-t_b_14704126.html

FTM Surgery Network. (n.d.). Trans Man's Death Sparks Questions About the Safety of Hysterectomy. Retrieved from https://www.hysto.net/hysterectomy-safety.htm

GLSEN. (2016). The 2015 National School Climate Survey: The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Youth in Our Nation’s Schools. Retrieved from https://www.glsen.org/sites/default/files/GLSEN%202015%20National%20School%20Climate%20Survey%20%28NSCS%29%20-%20Executive%20Summary.pdf

Health Commentary. (2017, February 9). Off-Label Prescribing - Where Lupron is the Rule, Not the Exception - and Doctors Never Have To Say They're Sorry. Retrieved from http://www.healthcommentary.org/2017/02/08/off-label-prescribing-never-say-youre-sorry/

Herzog, K. (2017, June 28). The Detransitioners: They Were Transgender, Until They Weren't. The Stranger [Seattle]. Retrieved from https://www.thestranger.com/features/2017/06/28/25252342/the-detransitioners-they-were-transgender-until-they-werent

Inside England’s only gender identity clinic for children. (2016, November 16). Radio Times. Retrieved from https://www.radiotimes.com/news/2016-11-16/inside-englands-only-gender-identity-clinic-for-children/

International Society for Autism Research. (2018, May 29). INSAR 2018 Annual Meeting: The Co-Occurrence of Autism and Gender Dysphoria or Gender Incongruence. Retrieved from https://insar.confex.com/insar/2018/webprogram/Session3940.html

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Bergman, H., Työläjärvi, M., & Frisen, L. (2018). Gender dysphoria in adolescence: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Volume 9, 31-41. doi:10.2147/ahmt.s135432

Kenny, D. (2018, May 14). Transgender hysteria. Retrieved from http://www.diannakenny.com.au/blog/item/4-transgender-hysteria.html

Kinsey Institute. (2018, August 23). The Kinsey Institute Interview Series: A Conversation with Dr. Meredith Chivers. Retrieved from https://blogs.iu.edu/kinseyinstitute/2018/08/23/the-kinsey-institute-interview-series-a-conversation-with-dr-meredith-chivers/

Korte, A. (2009). Gender Identity Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence – Currently Debated Concepts and Treatment Strategies: In reply. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2009.0318b

Lawrence, A. A. (2007). Becoming What We Love: autogynephilic transsexualism conceptualized as an expression of romantic love. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 50(4), 506. doi:10.1353/pbm.2007.0050

Lawrence, A. A. (2011). Autogynephilia: An Underappreciated Paraphilia. Sexual Dysfunction: Beyond the Brain-Body Connection, 135-148. doi:10.1159/000328921

Lawrence, A. A. (2013). Men Trapped in Men's Bodies: Narratives of Autogynephilic Transsexualism. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.

Lowrey, S. (2017, August 11). A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter. Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a

Macquarie University. (2017, December 13). Encouraging risk-taking in children may reduce the prevalence of childhood anxiety. Retrieved from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-12-risk-taking-children-prevalence-childhood-anxiety.html

Manning, S. (2018, November 17). School has SEVENTEEN children changing gender as teacher says vulnerable pupils are being 'tricked' into believing they are the wrong sex. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-6401593/Whistleblower-teacher-makes-shocking-claim-autistic.html

Marantz, S., Coats, S., Autonomy, & Practices, C. (1991). Mothers of Boys with Gender Identity Disorder: A Comparison of Matched Controls. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(2), 310-315. doi:10.1097/00004583-199103000-00022

Marchiano, L. (n.d.). Layers of meaning: A Jungian analyst questions the identity model for trans-identified youth. Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/tag/the-jung-soul/

Matthews, T., Holt, V., Sahin, S., Taylor, A., & Griksaitis, D. (2018). Gender Dysphoria in looked-after and adopted young people in a gender identity development service. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 24(1), 112-128. doi:10.1177/1359104518791657

Mayo Clinic. (2017, August 29). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Symptoms and causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439

Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. (2009). From Mental Disorder to Iatrogenic Hypogonadism: Dilemmas in Conceptualizing Gender Identity Variants as Psychiatric Conditions. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(2), 461-476. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9532-4

Montano, G. (2017, February 16). Eating disorders in transgender youth. Retrieved from https://www.mdedge.com/pediatrics/article/131620/mental-health/eating-disorders-transgender-youth

More people than ever before identify as bisexual. (2018, June 20). Newsweek. Retrieved from https://www.newsweek.com/more-people-ever-identify-bisexual-986297

Nagesh, A. (2017, October 8). Charity ‘advised mum to force her son, 7, to live as a girl’. Metro[London]. Retrieved from https://metro.co.uk/2017/10/08/charity-advised-mum-to-force-her-son-7-to-live-as-a-girl-6984649/

National Association of Scholars. (n.d.). The Declining Commitment to Academic Freedom and the Free Exchange of Ideas. Retrieved from https://www.nas.org/blogs/dicta/the_declining_commitment_to_academic_freedom_and_the_free_exchange_of_ideas

National Autistic Society. (n.d.). Gender and autism. Retrieved from https://www.autism.org.uk/about/what-is/gender.aspx

National Center for Transgender Equality. (2018, October 5). Understanding Non-Binary People: How to Be Respectful and Supportive. Retrieved from https://transequality.org/issues/resources/understanding-non-binary-people-how-to-be-respectful-and-supportive

Olson, K. (2017, September 1). When Sex and Gender Collide. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/when-sex-and-gender-collide/

The Parental Influences on Children's Identity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://living.thebump.com/parental-influences-childrens-identity-9137.html

Patterson, T. (2017). Unconscious homophobia and the rise of the transgender movement. Psychodynamic Practice, 24(1), 56-59. doi:10.1080/14753634.2017.1400740

Reisner, S. L., Biello, K. B., White Hughto, J. M., Kuhns, L., Mayer, K. H., Garofalo, R., & Mimiaga, M. J. (2016). Psychiatric Diagnoses and Comorbidities in a Diverse, Multicity Cohort of Young Transgender Women. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(5), 481. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0067

Rosen, H. (2008, November). A Boy's Life. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/11/a-boys-life/307059/

Russo, F. (2016, January 1). Is There Something Unique about the Transgender Brain? Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-there-something-unique-about-the-transgender-brain/

Russo, F. (2016, January 1). Is There Something Unique about the Transgender Brain? Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/is-there-something-unique-about-the-transgender-brain/?redirect=1

Saleh, N. (2017, March 16). Is Tying Gender Dysphoria to Autism Discriminatory? Retrieved from https://www.verywellhealth.com/gender-dysphoria-and-autism-4134405

Serano, J. M. (2010). The Case Against Autogynephilia. International Journal of Transgenderism, 12(3), 176-187. doi:10.1080/15532739.2010.514223

Shumer, D. E., Abrha, A., Feldman, H. A., & Carswell, J. (2017). Overrepresentation of Adopted Adolescents at a Hospital-Based Gender Dysphoria Clinic. Transgender Health, 2(1), 76-79. doi:10.1089/trgh.2016.0042

Singh, D. (2012). A follow-up study of boys with gender identity disorder (Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada). Retrieved from https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/34926/1/Singh_Devita_201211_PhD_Thesis.pdf

Sorbel, A. (2018, August 21). Iran Offers Acceptance for Transgender People but Death to Gays. Advocate. Retrieved from https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2018/5/21/iran-offers-acceptance-transgender-people-death-gays

Soh, D. (2018, January 24). Don’t treat all cases of gender dysphoria the same way. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/dont-treat-all-cases-of-gender-dysphoria-the-same-way/article37711831/

Tran, U. S., Kossmeier, M., & Voracek, M. (2018). Associations of Bisexuality and Homosexuality with Handedness and Footedness: A Latent Variable Analysis Approach. Archives of Sexual Behavior. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1346-9

Trans Research. (2016, February 26). Evidence for an Altered Sex Ratio in Clinic-Referred Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria – Review. Retrieved from https://transresearch.info/2015/09/10/evidence-for-an-altered-sex-ratio-in-clinic-referred-adolescents-with-gender-dysphoria-review/

Transgender Trend. (n.d.). Supporting gender diverse and trans-identified students in schools: A resource pack for schools. Retrieved from https://www.transgendertrend.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Transgender-Trend-Resource-Pack-for-Schools.pdf

Turner, J. (2017, November 11). Meet Alex Bertie, the transgender poster boy. The Sunday Times [London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/meet-alex-bertie-the-transgender-poster-boy-z88hgh8b8

USCF Transgender Care. (n.d.). Breast Augmentation. Retrieved from https://transcare.ucsf.edu/breast-augmentation

Vanderlaan, D. P., Blanchard, R., Zucker, K. J., Massuda, R., Fontanari, A. M., Borba, A. O., … Lobato, M. I. (2016). Birth order and androphillic mate-to-female transsexualism in Brazil. Journal of Biosocial Science, 49(4), 527-535. doi:10.1017/s0021932016000584

Whitehall, J. (2016, December 15). Gender Dysphoria and Surgical Abuse. The Quadrant. Retrieved from https://quadrant.org.au/magazine/2016/12/gender-dysphoria-child-surgical-abuse/

Witt, S. D. (2000). The Influence of Peers on Children's Socialization to Gender Roles. Early Child Development and Care, 162(1), 1-7. doi:10.1080/0300443001620101

Xu, Y., Norton, S., & Rahman, Q. (2017). Sexual orientation and neurocognitive ability: A meta-analysis in men and women. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 83, 691-696. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.06.014

Zucker, K. J. (2018). The myth of persistence: Response to “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and ‘desistance’ theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018). International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 231-245. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1468293

Zucker, K. J., Bradley, S. J., Owen-Anderson, A., Kibblewhite, S. J., & Cantor, J. M. (2008). Is Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents Coming out of the Closet? Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34(4), 287-290. doi:10.1080/00926230802096192

TOPIC 11: WHY ARE SO MANY FEMALES COMING OUT AS TRANS/NON-BINARY?

Aitken, M., Steensma, T. D., Blanchard, R., VanderLaan, D. P., Wood, H., Fuentes, A., … Zucker, K. J. (2015). Evidence for an Altered Sex Ratio in Clinic‐Referred Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(3), 756-763. doi:10.1111/jsm.12817

Allison, S., Warin, M., & Bastiampillai, T. (2013). Anorexia nervosa and social contagion: Clinical implications. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(2), 116-120. doi:10.1177/0004867413502092

American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (2017). 2017 Gender Confirmation Surgery Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.plasticsurgery.org/documents/News/Statistics/2017/body-contouring-gender-confirmation-2017.pdf

American Sociological Association. (2016, August 23). Study examines families' journeys to accepting transgender children: Mothers play key advocacy role. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160823083209.htm

Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (n.d.). Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). Retrieved from https://adaa.org/understanding-anxiety/related-illnesses/other-related-conditions/body-dysmorphic-disorder-bdd

Bailey, M., & Blanchard, R. (2017, December 7). Gender dysphoria is not one thing. Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2017/12/07/gender-dysphoria-is-not-one-thing/

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Bechard, M., VanderLaan, D. P., Wood, H., Wasserman, L., & Zucker, K. J. (2016). Psychosocial and Psychological Vulnerability in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: A “Proof of Principle” Study. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 43(7), 678-688. doi:10.1080/0092623x.2016.1232325

Bradley, S. (2018, January 12). CBC Self-Censorship Part of Frightening Gender Identity Trend. The Post Millennial. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20180203014408/https://www.thepostmillennial.com/cbc-self-censorship-part-frightening-gender-identity-trend/

Burns, J. (2016, August 31). UK girls becoming more unhappy - study. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/education-37223063

Butler, G., De Graaf, N., Wren, B., & Carmichael, P. (2018). Assessment and support of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria. Archives of Disease in Childhood, archdischild-2018-314992. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2018-314992

Common Health. (2014, July 24). Uncertainty Surrounds Medical Treatments For Transgender Youth. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2014/01/24/transgender-teenagers-medical-transition

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DeLay, D., Lynn Martin, C., Cook, R. E., & Hanish, L. D. (2017). The Influence of Peers During Adolescence: Does Homophobic Name Calling by Peers Change Gender Identity? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(3), 636-649. doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0749-6

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Devine, M. (2017, April 16). An epidemic of transgender children is Safe Schools’ legacy. News Corp. Australia. Retrieved from https://www.news.com.au/news/an-epidemic-of-transgender-children-is-safe-schools-legacy/news-story/085d5681f6bc3dae2357302ab2bee227

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French, C. (2009, April 7). Families are still living the nightmare of false memories of sexual abuse. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/apr/07/sexual-abuse-false-memory-syndrome

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Grew, T. (2018, September 16). Inquiry into surge in gender treatment ordered by Penny Mordaunt. The Times [London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/inquiry-into-surge-in-gender-treatment-ordered-by-penny-mordaunt-b2ftz9hfn

Halle, T. (2017, October 19). Girls Three Times More Likely To Self-Harm Than Boys -- And Need Help. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2017/10/19/girls-three-times-more-likely-to-self-harm-than-boys-and-need-help/#b53e53a27a0c

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Kaiser Permanente. (2016, April 16). Transgender youth more often diagnosed with mental health conditions. Medical XPress. Retrieved from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-04-transgender-youth-mental-health-conditions.html

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Bergman, H., Työläjärvi, M., & Frisen, L. (2018). Gender dysphoria in adolescence: current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Volume 9, 31-41. doi:10.2147/ahmt.s135432

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Sumia, M., Työläjärvi, M., & Lindberg, N. (2015). Two years of gender identity service for minors: overrepresentation of natal girls with severe problems in adolescent development. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 9(1). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396787/

Kravetz, L. (2017, July 31). The Strange, Contagious History of Bulimia. The Cut. Retrieved from https://www.thecut.com/article/how-bulimia-became-a-medical-diagnosis.html

Lawrence, A. A., & Bailey, J. M. (2008). Transsexual Groups in Veale et al. (2008) are “Autogynephilic” and “Even More Autogynephilic”. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 38(2), 173-175. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9431-0

Leung, W. (2015, May 24). The cluster effect: Is self-harming contagious? The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/the-cluster-effect-is-self-harming-contagious/article24569101/

Levine, D. (2017, August 22). Why Teen Girls Are at Such a High Risk for Depression. US News and World Report. Retrieved from https://health.usnews.com/health-care/patient-advice/articles/2017-08-22/why-teen-girls-are-at-such-a-high-risk-for-depression

Littman, L. (2018). Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0202330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330

Mackay, C. (1852). Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.

Mackenzie, J. (2017, July 3). Vagina surgery 'sought by girls as young as nine'. BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/health-40410459

Marchiano, L. (2017). Outbreak: On Transgender Teens and Psychic Epidemics. Psychological Perspectives, 60(3), 345-366. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00332925.2017.1350804

Mendelson, S. (2012, April 2). Conversion Disorder and Mass Hysteria. Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/mass-hysteria_b_1239012

Metcalfe, D. B., Duggal, C. S., Gabriel, A., Nahabedian, M. Y., Carlson, G. W., & Losken, A. (2014). Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Patients Seeking Breast Reconstruction. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 34(5), 733-737. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24809358/

Monroe, J. (2016, May 19). I’m a little bit female and a little bit male. Finally, I fit in my skin. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/may/19/jack-monroe-little-bit-male-little-bit-female

Pirani, F. (2018, July 11). Nearly 1 in 4 teen girls in the US self-harm, massive high school survey finds. Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved from https://www.ajc.com/news/health-med-fit-science/nearly-teen-girls-the-self-harm-massive-high-school-survey-finds/EQnLJy3REFX53HjbHGnukJ/

Powell, K. (2004). Developmental Psychology of Adolescent Girls: Conflicts and Identity Issues. Education, 125(1). Retrieved from https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-124940265/developmental-psychology-of-adolescent-girls-conflicts

Reidy, T. (2016, January 29). Why Are British Teenagers Cutting Themselves? Vice. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/xd73gn/a-history-of-self-harm-334

Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecologists. (2018, March 12). New booklet empowers young people to understand normal vulva appearance. Retrieved from https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/news/rcogbritspag-new-booklet-empowers-young-people-to-understand-normal-vulva-appearance/

Sample, I. (2015, November 14). Was Ripon school gripped by mass psychogenic illness? The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/nov/14/was-ripon-school-gripped-by-mass-psychogenic-illness

Scutti, S. (2017, May 5). 'Alarming' rise in children hospitalized with suicidal thoughts or actions. CNN. Retrieved from https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/05/health/children-teens-suicide-study/index.html

Serani, D. (2005, July 6). Cutting: The Quiet Epidemic. Retrieved from https://drdeborahserani.blogspot.com/2005/07/cutting-quiet-epidemic.html

Sigler, C. (2016, December 8). Needle girls: When pain feels good. Retrieved from http://faith-seeking-understanding.org/tag/needle-girls/

Small, G. (2010, July 16). "Fainting School Girls" - The Naked Lady Who Stood On Her Head [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO9J7_wy6aQ

Transgender Trend. (2017, June 29). From Adult Males To Teenage Girls - The Movement From Etiology To Ideology. Retrieved from https://www.transgendertrend.com/from-adult-males-to-teenage-girls-the-movement-from-etiology-to-ideology/

Transresearch. (n.d.). Increase in transgender teens. Retrieved from https://transresearch.info/tag/increase-in-transgender-teens/

Turner, J. (2017, November 11). Meet Alex Bertie, the transgender poster boy. The Times[London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/meet-alex-bertie-the-transgender-poster-boy-z88hgh8b8

Watson, R. J., Wheldon, C. W., & Puhl, R. M. (2019). Evidence of Diverse Identities in a Large National Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence. doi:10.1111/jora.12488

Women 'more unhappy with their bodies than men'. (n.d.). Daily Mail [London]. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-44899/Women-unhappy-bodies-men.html

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Young vs old: the generational divide in the transgender community • Fair Play For Women. (2018, July 18). Retrieved from https://fairplayforwomen.com/young_old

TOPIC 12: CULTURAL RIPPLE EFFECTS, PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES, & RIGHTS CONFLICTS

The 2016 Jon E. Nadherny/Calciano Memorial Youth Symposium [Video file]. (2016, March 14). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30rEjumFaDY&feature=youtu.be

Ainsworth, C. (2018, October 22). Sex Redefined: The Idea of Two Sexes Is Overly Simplistic. Scientific American. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/sex-redefined-the-idea-of-2-sexes-is-overly-simplistic1/

Bartosch, J. (2018, July 8). Lesbian Pride, Lesbian Protest. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@josephinebartosch/lesbian-pride-lesbian-protest-cea2c1404cc0

Blair, K.L. (2019, June 16). Are Trans People Excluded from the World of Dating? Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/inclusive-insight/201906/are-trans-people-excluded-the-world-dating?fbclid=IwAR2gpVd-eKsxrtTKxG2oUOnlfybwa-xdrRpdwxYr1JjOIhGfk4b_pBjAM04

Blair, K.L., Hoskin, R.A. (2019). Transgender exclusion from the world of dating: Patterns of acceptance and rejection of hypothetical trans dating partners as a function of sexual and gender identity. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36(7). 2074-2095. doi:10.1177/0265407518779139

Bill Nye DESTROYS the Gender Binary with an Abacus (Part 2 of 2) - Bill Nye Saves the World [Video file]. (2017, April 25). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TKjKZ5RzT9s

Campbell, J. (2018, August 5). Primary one children will be told ‘your gender is what you decide’. The Scotsman. Retrieved from https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/primary-one-children-will-be-told-your-gender-is-what-you-decide-1-4779133

CBC. (n.d.). Canada's gender identity rights Bill C-16 explained [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/cbcdocspov/features/canadas-gender-identity-rights-bill-c-16-explained

Compton, J. (2019, July 13) Neither male nor female: Why some nonbinary people are 'microdosing' hormones. NBC News. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/feature/nbc-out/neither-male-nor-female-why-some-nonbinary-people-are-microdosing-n1028766?cid=referral_taboolafeed

De Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment. Pediatrics, 134(4), 696-704. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958

Ford, Z. (2017, September 5). The pernicious junk science stalking trans kids. Think Progress. Retrieved from https://thinkprogress.org/transgender-children-desistance-a5caf61fc5c6/

Hawkins, E. (2018, March 21). Sexual health education program suspended at Sequim Schools. Retrieved from http://www.sequimgazette.com/news/sexual-health-education-program-suspended-at-sequim-schools/

Jellestad, L., Jäggi, T., Corbisiero, S., Schaefer, D. J., Jenewein, J., Schneeberger, A., … Garcia Nuñez, D. (2018). Quality of Life in Transitioned Trans Persons: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1-10. doi:10.1155/2018/8684625

The Kaleidoscope Project. (n.d.). Transgender. Retrieved from https://kaleidoscopeprojectnyc.wordpress.com/tag/transgender/

Kate. (2018, June 6). Trans Non-binary and the Gendered Language of Weddings. Retrieved from https://www.weddingwire.com/wedding-forums/trans-non-binary-and-the-gendered-language-of-weddings/de03d89888dae431.html

Lowerey, S. (2017, August 11). A Guide To Non-binary Pronouns And Why They Matter. Huffington Post. Retrieved from https://www.huffpost.com/entry/non-binary-pronouns-why-they-matter_b_5a03107be4b0230facb8419a

Major, M. (2017, December). How to Become a Super Rad Gender Warrior Classroom Teacher. Elementary Teacher's Federation of Ontario. Retrieved from http://etfovoice.ca/feature/gender-warrior

Nichols, M. (2015, March 30). Beyond the Gender Binary [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MUIYlaWVUk

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics, 137(3), e20153223. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3223

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Research On Children ‘Growing Out’ Of Gender Dysphoria Adds Layer Of Complexity To Transgender Care. (2018, May 24). Kaiser Health News. Retrieved from https://khn.org/morning-breakout/research-on-children-growing-out-of-gender-dysphoria-adds-layer-of-complexity-to-transgender-care/

Rudy Foster, C. (2018, June 5). Planning my wedding as a non-binary bride. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jun/05/planning-my-wedding-as-a-non-binary-bride

Spack, N. (n.d.). How I help transgender teens become who they want to be [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/norman_spack_how_i_help_transgender_teens_become_who_they_want_to_be

There's a sudden surge of trans students coming out at my college … and I’m scared to talk about it. (2018, October 10). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/10/02/theres-a-sudden-surge-of-trans-students-coming-out-at-my-college-and-im-scared-to-talk-about-it/

Van Voorhis, P. (2017, April 20). Harvard tells students gender can 'change from day to day'. Retrieved from https://www.campusreform.org/?ID=9079#.WouFQgjDkPU.twitter

Whitley, C. T., & Greene, D. N. (2017). Transgender Man Being Evaluated for a Kidney Transplant. Clinical Chemistry, 63(11), 1680-1683. doi:10.1373/clinchem.2016.268839

Woodward, T. (2018, April 12). 'Starting the next sentence': Non-binary students reflect on their campus experiences. The Daily Texan [Austin]. Retrieved from http://www.dailytexanonline.com/2018/04/12/starting-the-next-sentence-non-binary-students-reflect-on-their-campus-experiences

Ziyad, H. (2016, March 1). Three Differences Between the Terms ‘Gay’ and ‘Queer’ and Why It Matters. Everyday Feminism. Retrieved from https://everydayfeminism.com/2016/03/difference-between-gay-queer/

TOPIC 13: GENDER IDEOLOGY IS BEING PRIORITIZED IN EDUCATIONAL SETTINGS WHEN SCIENTIFIC VALIDITY CLAIMS ARE QUESTIONABLE, & IT IS CONTROVERSIAL, EVEN WITHIN THE LGBT COMMUNITY

The 2016 Jon E. Nadherny/Calciano Memorial Youth Symposium [Video file]. (2016, March 14). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30rEjumFaDY&feature=youtu.be

The Acknowledgement Chronicles. (2016, March 22). “It’s better to be a cute boy than an ugly butch lesbian.”. Retrieved from https://theacknowledgementchronicles.tumblr.com/post/141505973693/its-better-to-be-a-cute-boy-than-an-ugly-butch

Adams, N., Hitomi, M., & Moody, C. (2017). Varied Reports of Adult Transgender Suicidality: Synthesizing and Describing the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literature. Transgender Health, 2(1), 60-75. doi:10.1089/trgh.2016.0036

Appelton, J. (2017, September 26). ‘Just call me “ze”.’ The trouble with gender-neutral identities. Retrieved from https://notesonfreedom.com/2017/05/31/gender-neutral-identity-and-the-pronoun-obsession/

Astroterf. (2018, July 19). The Cuckoo in the Nest. Retrieved from https://astroterf.wordpress.com/2018/07/16/the-cuckoo-in-the-lgbt-nest/

Biggs, M. (2018, November 24). How Queer Theory Became University Policy. Conatus News. Retrieved from https://conatusnews.com/how-queer-theory-became-university-policy/

Bourne, L. (2017, August 15). LGBT lawyers won’t help ‘non-binary’ man over ‘harmful’ transgender statements. Retrieved from https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/non-binary-man-says-he-was-fired-by-lgbt-legal-group-for-statements-harming

Corner, N. (2018, January 12). 'I am repulsed by my body': Transgender man who delayed hormone therapy so he could carry a child reveals his disgust at his growing bump. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-5255385/Pregnant-transgender-man-disgusted-body.html?ito=social-facebook

Crawford, T. (2018, September 29). Government, teachers support SOGI, as opposing rallies staged in Victoria. Vancouver Sun. Retrieved from https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/government-teachers-support-sogi-as-opposing-rallies-staged-in-victoria

Destroy Your Binder.Retrieved from https://destroyyourbinder.tumblr.com/post/171864217350/kittyit-pdf-epub-if-you-are-interested-in

Donym, S. (2018, August 6). Inauthentic Selves: The modern LGBTQ+ Movement Is Run By Philanthropic Astroturf And Based On Junk? Retrieved from https://medium.com/@sue.donym1984/inauthentic-selves-the-modern-lgbtq-movement-is-run-by-philanthropic-astroturf-and-based-on-junk-d08eb6aa1a4b

DownUnder, L. (2018, May 14). I don’t like Safe Schools, so I’m a transgender traitor. Spectator Australia. Retrieved from https://www.spectator.com.au/2018/05/i-dont-like-safe-schools-so-im-a-transgender-traitor/

Dreger, A. (2015, June 15). Answers to Some Questions about Autogynephilia. Retrieved from http://alicedreger.com/autogyn

Felix Greene, C. (2018, June 21). The Atlantic’s Article Should Foster A Consensus That Transgenderism Is Adults-Only. The Federalist. Retrieved from https://thefederalist.com/2018/06/21/atlanticsarticle-foster-consensus-transgenderism-adults/

Fortier, L. (2013, June 27). So you want to be a trans* ally?. Retrieved from http://transallyship.weebly.com/index.html

Grant, E. (2017, July 1). Transtrenders [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1g0SxyUwgnk&feature=youtu.be

Haidt, J. (2017, December 17). The Age of Outrage. City Journal. Retrieved from https://www.city-journal.org/html/age-outrage-15608.html

Harrison, K. (2018, July 3). A system of gender self-identification would put women at risk. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/07/03/a-system-of-gender-self-identification-would-put-women-at-risk

Hayton, D. (2018, July 3). Gender identity needs to be based on objective evidence rather than feelings. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/07/03/gender-identity-needs-to-be-based-on-objective-evidence-rather-than-feelings

Hayton, D. (2018, March 30). A Plea To Trans Activists: We Can Protect Trans Rights Without Denying Biology. Quillette. Retrieved from https://quillette.com/2018/03/30/plea-trans-activists-can-protect-trans-rights-without-denying-biology/

Herzog, K. (2018, September 6). https://www.thestranger.com/slog/2018/09/06/31903785/they-is-a-fine-pronoun-but-it-aint-mine. The Stranger. Retrieved from https://www.thestranger.com/slog/2018/09/06/31903785/they-is-a-fine-pronoun-but-it-aint-mine

Heying, H., & Weinstein, B. (2019, February 8). Gender Ideology vs Biology [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7xU77FhkcZ8&t=479s

Kiwi, G. (2018, October 7). Erasing the Gays and Conflicts of Interest. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@gckiwi1234/erasing-the-gays-and-conflicts-of-interest-4e0659a9706f

London, H. (2018, July 29). Transgender identities: a series of invited essays. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/06/29/transgender-identities-a-series-of-invited-essays

Marchiano, L. (2018, May 11). The project of a lifetime: A therapist's letter to a trans-identified teen. Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/05/10/the-project-of-a-lifetime-a-therapists-letter-to-a-trans-identified-teen/

McConkey, M. (2017, May 12). Why We Should Stop Using the Term ‘Gender’. Quillette. Retrieved from https://quillette.com/2017/05/12/stop-using-term-gender/

Mission creep: Respected LGB family support org goes full-on trans. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/tag/pflag/

Murray, T. (2017, August 6). Why are Religious Homophobes Embracing Transgender Rights? Conatus News. Retrieved from https://conatusnews.com/religious-homophobes-embracing-transgender-rights/

Reynolds, D. (2018, December 29). The Uncharted Territories of Medically Transitioning Children. Quillette. Retrieved from https://quillette.com/2018/12/29/the-uncharted-territories-of-medically-transitioning-children/

Rose of Dawn. (2018, April 14). Transsexuals v Gender Radicals - What's The Difference?[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NU1PGxfEVe0

SocialJusticeWizard. (2017, April 22). An Open Letter to Those Vilifying the New York Times 'Tomboy? Piece. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@socjuswiz/an-open-letter-to-those-vilifying-the-new-york-times-tomboy-piece-18152f380543

Soh, D. (2018, July 16). Ontario’s sex-ed backlash isn’t about children’s safety. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://www.theglobeandmail.com/amp/opinion/article-ontarios-sex-ed-backlash-isnt-about-childrens-safety/?__twitter_impression=true

Stock, K. (2018, July 6). Changing the concept of “woman” will cause unintended harms. The Economist. Retrieved from https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/07/06/changing-the-concept-of-woman-will-cause-unintended-harms?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/changingtheconceptofwomanwillcauseunintendedharmsopenfuture

TransRational. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.transrational.me/

Transwomen are not Females (mirrored video) [Video file]. (2013, January 24). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9t_oDOhhjmI

Williams, E. (2018, October 10). There's a sudden surge of trans students coming out at my college … and I’m scared to talk about it. Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2018/10/02/theres-a-sudden-surge-of-trans-students-coming-out-at-my-college-and-im-scared-to-talk-about-it/

Wilson, L. (2018, May 3). Why Using They/Them to Avoid Misgendering People Could Do More Harm Than Good. Slate. Retrieved from https://slate.com/human-interest/2018/05/using-gender-neutral-pronouns-could-actually-misgender-people.html

Yardley, M. (n.d.). Blog of Miranda Yardley. Retrieved from https://mirandayardley.com/en/

TOPIC 14: PROBLEMS WITH A POLITICIZED CLIMATE OF CENSORSHIP/HARASSMENT

 Amitay, O. (2018, January 27). Academic Cleansing: Fight for Truth & Free Speech vs Political Correctness and Trans Ideology with James Caspian [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQIWoDW63ak&sns=tw

Angel, B. (2017, July 5). What does it mean to De-Transition [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oyz7rNoOLX8&t=614s

The Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. (2018). Focusing on adolescent mental health [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.pscp.tv/acamh/1ynKOAPAEaOJR?t=29m59s

Bailey, M., & Science 2.0. (2007, September 4). Transsexual Smokescreen: Ignoring Science In 'The Man Who Would Be Queen?. Retrieved from https://www.science20.com/jmichaelbailey/transsexual_smokescreen_ignoring_science_in_the_man_who_would_be_queen

Barasch, A. (2018, June 20). Sacred Bodies. Slate. Retrieved from https://slate.com/human-interest/2018/06/desistance-and-detransitioning-stories-value-cis-anxiety-over-trans-lives.html

Bartosch, J. (2017, September 14). What about the children who said they were transgender and then changed their minds? Independent [London]. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/john-lewis-gender-neutrality-trangender-children-medicalisation-lesbian-gay-education-a7946426.html

Brunskill-Evans, M. (2018, June 21). A Woman’s Place is Standing Her Ground. Retrieved from http://www.heather-brunskell-evans.co.uk/body-politics/1114/

Canadian Press. (2018, October 7). CAMH reaches settlement with former head of gender identity clinic. CBC. Retrieved from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/camh-settlement-former-head-gender-identity-clinic-1.4854015

Cyphers, J. (2018, June 25). A careful step into a field of landmines. Retrieved from https://4thwavenow.com/2017/11/24/a-careful-step-into-a-field-of-landmines/

Distiller, N. (2017, March 6). From the Front Lines: Fighting Back at WPATH. Retrieved from http://www.psychedinsanfrancisco.com/front-lines-fighting-back-wpath/

Dreger, A. (2006, May 13). The Blog I Write in Fear. Retrieved from http://alicedreger.com/in_fear

Dreher, R. (2018, June 28). If Lenin Had Been Trans. The American Conservative. Retrieved from https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/if-lenin-had-been-trans/

Eady, T. (2014, November 24). “Everything is problematic” My journey into the centre of a dark political world, and how I escaped. McGill Daily. Retrieved from https://www.mcgilldaily.com/2014/11/everything-problematic/

Felix Greene, C. (2018, June 21). The Atlantic’s Article Should Foster A Consensus That Transgenderism Is Adults-Only. The Federalist. Retrieved from https://thefederalist.com/2018/06/21/atlanticsarticle-foster-consensus-transgenderism-adults/

Gilligan, A. (2017, October 8). Mermaids UK charity ban as boy forced to live as girl. The Sunday Times. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/mermaids-uk-charity-ban-as-boy-forced-to-live-as-girl-dvx3j99cn

Gilligan, A. (2018, March 1). Tough Millwall cave in to transgender ‘bullies’. The Sunday Times[London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ddcbda1e-2495-11e8-a283-1b5f066ae234

Greene, R. (2017). To Transition or Not to Transition? That Is the Question. Current Sexual Health Reports, 9(2). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316439691_To_Transition_or_Not_to_Transition_That_Is_the_Question

Hardy, R. (2017, October 14). How a psychotherapist who has backed transgender rights for years was plunged into a Kafkaesque nightmare after asking if young people changing sex might later regret it. Daily Mail. Retrieved from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4979498/amp/James-Caspian-attacked-transgender-children-comments.html

Heritage Foundation. (2019, April 4). What Doctors Aren't Telling The Parents of Gender Dysphoric Children [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VovGbtShGvk

Herzog, K. (2017, June 28). The Detransitioners: They Were Transgender, Until They Weren't. The Stranger. Retrieved from https://www.thestranger.com/features/2017/06/28/25252342/the-detransitioners-they-were-transgender-until-they-werent

Kerri, A. (2018, June 26). Why the Trans Community Hates The Atlantic's Cover Story. The Advocate. Retrieved from https://www.advocate.com/commentary/2018/6/25/why-trans-community-hates-atlantics-cover-story

Kirkup, J. (2018, February 8). Can we have an honest debate about gender? The Spectator. Retrieved from https://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2018/02/can-we-have-an-honest-debate-about-gender/

Lawrence, A. (2017). Articles About Autogynephilia. Retrieved from http://www.annelawrence.com/autogynephilia.html

Murphy, M. (2018, May 1). Trans activism is excusing & advocating violence against women, and it’s time to speak up. Feminist Current. Retrieved from https://www.feministcurrent.com/2018/05/01/trans-activism-become-centered-justifying-violence-women-time-allies-speak/

Murphy, M. (2018, June 19). Why must trans activists smear those who put forth inconvenient narratives about ‘gender identity’? Feminist Current. Retrieved from https://www.feministcurrent.com/2018/06/19/must-trans-activists-smear-put-forth-inconvenient-narratives-gender-identity/

Selin Davis, L. (2017, April 18). My daughter is not transgender. She's a Tomboy. The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/opinion/my-daughter-is-not-transgender-shes-a-tomboy.html?smid=tw-share&_r=0

Singal, J. (2017, February 7). How the Fight Over Transgender Kids Got a Leading Sex Researcher Fired. The Cut. Retrieved from https://www.thecut.com/2016/02/fight-over-trans-kids-got-a-researcher-fired.html

Singal, J. (2018, July). When children say they're trans. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/07/when-a-child-says-shes-trans/561749/

Singal, J. (2018, March 28). A Lot of People, Myself Included, Have Been Misreading the Single Biggest Published Study on? Retrieved from https://medium.com/@jesse.singal/everyone-myself-included-has-been-misreading-the-single-biggest-study-on-childhood-gender-8b6b3d82dcf3

Soh, D. (2016, January 4). The Transgender Battle Line: Childhood. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-transgender-battle-line-childhood-1451952794

Stark, J. (2009, May 31). 'I will never be able to have sex again. Ever'. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au/national/i-will-never-be-able-to-have-sex-again-ever-20090530-br41.html

Stevens, J. (2016, November 16). Meet the Doctor Who Runs the Only Clinic for Trans Children in the UK. Vice. Retrieved from https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/exkb4m/meeting-the-doctor-who-runs-the-only-nhs-clinic-for-trans-children

Stock, K. (2018, May 17). Anonymised responses from other academics to my articles on sex, gender, and philosophy. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@kathleenstock/anonymised-responses-from-other-academics-to-my-articles-on-sex-gender-and-philosophy-f1cc0db04554

Transsexual Women Opposing Self ID. (2019, February 12). Why we transsexuals are leaving the Stonewall umbrella. Retrieved from https://transsexualwomen1.blogspot.com/2019/02/why-we-transsexuals-are-leaving.html

Turner, J. (2017, November 11). Children sacrificed to appease trans lobby. The Times[London]. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/55c47fd6-c64e-11e7-9914-a38dcc178fcd

Weale, S. (2017, September 25). This article is more than 1 year old University 'turned down politically incorrect transgender research'. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/sep/25/bath-spa-university-transgender-gender-reassignment-reversal-research

What's Jesse Singal's fucking deal? (2018, June 19). Jezebel. Retrieved from https://jezebel.com/whats-jesse-singals-fucking-deal-1826930495

White, B. (2017, March 21). My Issues With LGBT [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DUoI30m3p2M

Yardley, M. (2017, August 2). A History of Autogynephilia. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@mirandayardley/a-history-of-autogynephilia-7fc31e385436

Young, C. (2018, May 20). Who's Afraid Of The 'Intellectual Dark Web?? Retrieved from https://arcdigital.media/whos-afraid-of-the-intellectual-dark-web-27ccdc052515

Zucker, K. J., Lawrence, A. A., & Kreukels, B. P. (2016). Gender Dysphoria in Adults. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12(1), 217-247. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093034

TOPIC 15: “TRANSITION YOUR CHILD WITHOUT QUESTION OR THEY WILL KILL THEMSELVES”: SUICIDE RISK ISSUE REVIEWED

Adams, N., Hitomi, M., & Moody, C. (2017). Varied Reports of Adult Transgender Suicidality: Synthesizing and Describing the Peer-Reviewed and Gray Literature. Transgender Health, 2(1), 60-75. doi:10.1089/trgh.2016.0036

Aitken, M., VanderLaan, D. P., Wasserman, L., Stojanovski, S., & Zucker, K. J. (2016). Self-Harm and Suicidality in Children Referred for Gender Dysphoria. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(6), 513-520. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.001

Asscheman, H., Giltay, E. J., Megens, J. A., De Ronde, W. (., Van Trotsenburg, M. A., & Gooren, L. J. (2011). A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones. European Journal of Endocrinology, 164(4), 635-642. Retrieved from https://eje.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/eje/164/4/635.xml

Bailey, L., J. Ellis, S., & McNeil, J. (2014). Suicide risk in the UK trans population and the role of gender transition in decreasing suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Mental Health Review Journal, 19(4), 209-220. doi:10.1108/mhrj-05-2014-0015

Bailey, L., McNeil, J., Ellis, S., Morton, J., & Regan, M. (2012). Trans Mental Health Study 2012. Retrieved from Scottish Transgender Alliance website: https://www.gires.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/trans_mh_study.pdf

Bauer, G. R., Scheim, A. I., Pyne, J., Travers, R., & Hammond, R. (2015). Intervenable factors associated with suicide risk in transgender persons: a respondent driven sampling study in Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health, 15(1). doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1867-2

Becker, L., Gjergji-Lama, V., Romer, G., & Möller, B. (2014). Characteristics of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria referred to the Hamburg Gender Identity Clinic. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr, 64(6), 486-509. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25296510

Bolzern, J., Mnyama, N., & McMillan, D. (2018). OP49 Responsible journalism, imitative suicide and transgender populations: a systematic review of UK newspapers. Oral presentations. Retrieved from https://jech.bmj.com/content/72/Suppl_1/A24.2

Cornell Public Policy Research Center. (2018, March 26). What does the scholarly research say about the effect of gender transition on transgender well-being? Retrieved from https://whatweknow.inequality.cornell.edu/topics/lgbt-equality/%20what-does-the-scholarly-research-say-about-the-well-being-of-transgender-people%20/

De Cuypere, G., Elaut, E., Heylens, G., Van Maele, G., Selvaggi, G., T’Sjoen, G., … Monstrey, S. (2006). Long-term follow-up: psychosocial outcome of Belgian transsexuals after sex reassignment surgery. Sexologies, 15(2), 126-133. doi:10.1016/j.sexol.2006.04.002

Dhejne, C., Lichtenstein, P., Boman, M., Johansson, A. L., Långström, N., & Landén, M. (2011). Long-Term Follow-Up of Transsexual Persons Undergoing Sex Reassignment Surgery: Cohort Study in Sweden. PLoS ONE, 6(2), e16885. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016885

Haas, A. P., Eliason, M., Mays, V. M., Mathy, R. M., Cochran, S. D., D'Augelli, A. R., … Clayton, P. J. (2010). Suicide and Suicide Risk in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations: Review and Recommendations. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(1), 10-51. doi:10.1080/00918369.2011.534038

Haas, A. P., Rodgers, P. L., & Herman, J. (2014). Suicide Attempts among Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming Adults. Retrieved from Williams Institute website: http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf

Heylens, G., Verroken, C., De Cock, S., T'Sjoen, G., & De Cuypere, G. (2014). Effects of Different Steps in Gender Reassignment Therapy on Psychopathology: A Prospective Study of Persons with a Gender Identity Disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 11(1), 119-126. doi:10.1111/jsm.12363

High rates of suicide and self-harm among transgender youth. (2019, 23). Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160831110833.htm

Hoshiai, M., Matsumoto, Y., Sato, T., Ohnishi, M., Okabe, N., Kishimoto, Y., … Kuroda, S. (2010). Psychiatric comorbidity among patients with gender identity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64(5), 514-519. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02118.x

Littman, L. (2018). Parent reports of adolescents and young adults perceived to show signs of a rapid onset of gender dysphoria. PLOS ONE, 13(8), e0202330. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202330

Jensen, S., Chin, J., Rollins, J, Koller, E., Gousis, L., Szarama, K. (2016, August 30). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Proposed Decision Memo for Gender Dysphoria and Gender Reassignment Surgery (CAG-0044N). Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/medicare-coverage-database/details/nca-decision-memo.aspx?NCAId=282

Marshall, E., Claes, L., Bouman, W. P., Witcomb, G. L., & Arcelus, J. (2015). Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidality in trans people: A systematic review of the literature. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 58-69. doi:10.3109/09540261.2015.1073143

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics, 137(3), e20153223. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3223

Russel, S.T., Pollitt A.M., Li, G., Gross, A.H. (2018). Chosen Name Use Is Linked to Reduced Depressive Symptoms, Suicidal Ideation, and Suicidal Behavior Among Transgender Youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(4), 503-505. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.0032018

Simonsen, R. K., Hald, G. M., Kristensen, E., & Giraldi, A. (2016). Long-Term Follow-Up of Individuals Undergoing Sex-Reassignment Surgery: Somatic Morbidity and Cause of Death. Sexual Medicine, 4(1), e60-e68. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4822482/

Spack, N. P., Edwards-Leeper, L., Feldman, H. A., Leibowitz, S., Mandel, F., Diamond, D. A., & Vance, S. R. (2012). Children and Adolescents With Gender Identity Disorder Referred to a Pediatric Medical Center. Pediatrics, 129(3), 418-425. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0907

Toomey, R. B., Syvertsen, A. K., & Shramko, M. (2018). Transgender Adolescent Suicide Behavior. Pediatrics, 142(4), e20174218. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-4218

Travers, R., Bauer, G., & Pyne, J. (2012). Impacts of Strong Parental Support for Trans Youth. Retrieved from TRANS Pulse website: http://transpulseproject.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Impacts-of-Strong-Parental-Support-for-Trans-Youth-vFINAL.pdf

Udeze, B., Abdelmawla, N., Khoosal, D., & Terry, T. (2008). Psychological functions in male-to-female transsexual people before and after surgery. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 23(2), 141-145. doi:10.1080/14681990701882077

Zucker, K. (2019). Gender Identity and Kids (starts at 1:03:32). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHREA4Q4V4Q.

TOPIC 16: TRANS RIGHTS, AFFIRMATIVE MODEL ADVOCATES, ACCEPTABILITY OF FALSE POSITIVES

De Vries, A. L., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C., Doreleijers, T. A., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2014). Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment. Pediatrics, 134(4), 696-704. doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958

DeLay, D., Lynn Martin, C., Cook, R. E., & Hanish, L. D. (2017). The Influence of Peers During Adolescence: Does Homophobic Name Calling by Peers Change Gender Identity? Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(3), 636-649. doi:10.1007/s10964-017-0749-6

Ehrensaft, D., Giammattei, S. V., Storck, K., Tishelman, A. C., & Keo-Meier, C. (2018). Prepubertal social gender transitions: What we know; what we can learn—A view from a gender affirmative lens. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 251-268. doi:10.1080/15532739.2017.1414649

Human Rights Coalition. (2018). LGBTQ Youth Report. Retrieved from https://assets2.hrc.org/files/assets/resources/2018-YouthReport-NoVid.pdf?_ga=2.265386636.28932471.1537641070-1691119468.1520125936

Joseph, T., Ting, J., & Butler, G. (2018). The effect of GnRHa treatment on bone density in young adolescents with gender dysphoria: findings from a large national cohort. Endocrine Abstracts. doi:10.1530/endoabs.58.oc8.2

Olson, K. R., Durwood, L., DeMeules, M., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2016). Mental Health of Transgender Children Who Are Supported in Their Identities. Pediatrics, 137(3), e20153223. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-3223

Sorbel, A. (2018, August 21). Iran Offers Acceptance for Transgender People but Death to Gays. Advocate. Retrieved from https://www.advocate.com/transgender/2018/5/21/iran-offers-acceptance-transgender-people-death-gays

Steensma, T. D., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2018). A critical commentary on “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and “desistence” theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children”. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 225-230. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1468292

Steensma, T. D., McGuire, J. K., Kreukels, B. P., Beekman, A. J., & Cohen-Kettenis, P. T. (2013). Factors Associated With Desistence and Persistence of Childhood Gender Dysphoria: A Quantitative Follow-Up Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(6), 582-590. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.03.016

Temple Newhook, J., Pyne, J., Winters, K., Feder, S., Holmes, C., Tosh, J., … Pickett, S. (2018). A critical commentary on follow-up studies and “desistance” theories about transgender and gender-nonconforming children. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 212-224. doi:10.1080/15532739.2018.1456390

Vanderlaan, D. P., Blanchard, R., Zucker, K. J., Massuda, R., Fontanari, A. M., Borba, A. O., … Lobato, M. I. (2016). Birth order and androphilic male-to-female transsexualism in Brazil. Journal of Biosocial Science, 49(4), 527-535. doi:10.1017/s0021932016000584

Watson, R. J., Wheldon, C. W., & Puhl, R. M. (2019). Evidence of Diverse Identities in a Large National Sample of Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence. doi:10.1111/jora.12488