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10) NATURE VERSUS NURTURE: WHAT OTHER FACTORS BESIDES “INNATE GENDER IDENTITY” CONTRIBUTE TO TRANS IDENTIFICATION IN YOUNG PEOPLE

*Some studies using brain scans do not control for sexual orientation, autogybephilia v homosexual transsexualism, or pre v post hormone use. Beware.

Australian children and adolescents with gender dysphoria: Clinical presentations and challenges experienced by a multidisciplinary team and gender service

Prevalence of Nonheterosexual Identity and Same-Sex Sexual Contact Among High School Students in the US From 2015 to 2019

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) (2.03% of youth ID in 2021)

Gender Variance in Children and Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Conditions from Australia

Australian children and adolescents with gender dysphoria: Clinical presentations and challenges experienced by a multidisciplinary team and gender service

Youth Characteristics Associated With Sexual Violence Perpetration Among Transgender Boys and Girls, Cisgender Boys and Girls, and Nonbinary Youth (t-identified more bullied but are also more likely to bully)

Prevalence of Nonheterosexual Identity and Same-Sex Sexual Contact Among High School Students in the US From 2015 to 2019

Nonbinary LGBTQ Adults in the United States (higher rates of mental illness)

How Defined Is Gender Identity in People with Body Integrity Dysphoria?

Childhood adversities are common among trans people and associated with adult depression and suicidality

Mental Healthcare Utilization of Transgender Youth Before and After Affirming Treatment

Psychological Functioning in Non-binary Identifying Adolescents and Adults

A Multi-Modal MRI Analysis of Cortical Structure in Relation to Gender Dysphoria, Sexual Orientation, and Age in Adolescents

Predicting outcomes of cross-sex hormone therapy in transgender individuals with gender incongruence based on pre-therapy resting-state brain connectivity (interesting study but too small to be conclusive of anything)

Exposure to continuous or fluid theories of sexual orientation leads some heterosexuals to embrace less-exclusive heterosexual orientations

Life satisfaction and mental health among transgender students in Norway

Shifts in demographics and mental health co-morbidities among gender dysphoric youth referred to a specialist gender dysphoria service

Neuroimaging gender dysphoria: a novel psychobiological model

The Neuroanatomy of Transgender Identity: Mega-Analytic Findings From the ENIGMA Transgender Persons Working Group

After the trans brain: a critique of the neurobiological accounts of embodied trans* identities

Clinical and Ethical Considerations in the Treatment of Gender Dysphoric Children and Adolescents: When Doing Less Is Helping More

Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth Compared With Their Peers Psychiatric characteristics in transsexual individuals: multicentre study in four European countries

Psychosocial and Psychological Vulnerability in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: A “Proof of Principle” Study

Trans Pathways: The mental health experiences and care pathways of trans young people: Summary of results

The health and wellbeing of trans and non-binary people in Aotearoa New Zealand

The frequency of personality disorders in patients with gender identity disorder

Personality Disorders and Personality Profiles in a Sample of Transgender Individuals Requesting Gender-Affirming Treatments (they note high rates of PDs, but can’t bring themselves to suggest the trans-identification is a function of the PD, an obvious point to consider)

A review of clinical approaches to gender dysphoria

Behavioral Health Diagnoses in Youth with Gender Dysphoria Compared with Controls: A PEDSnet Study

Referrals to Gender Clinics in Sweden Drop After Media Coverage
Association of Media Coverage on Transgender Health With Referrals to Child and Adolescent Gender Identity Clinics in Sweden

Changes in Anxiety and Depression from Intake to First Follow-Up Among Transgender Youth in a Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic

Low Perinatal Androgens Predict Recalled Childhood Gender Nonconformity in Men

A PRISMA systematic review of adolescent gender dysphoria literature: 1) Epidemiology

Brain Sex in Transgender Women Is Shifted towards Gender Identity

Gray matter volume differences between transgender men and cisgender women: A voxel-based morphometry study

Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria/Incongruence. A systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Do Children With Gender Dysphoria Have Intense/Obsessional Interests?

Transgender Youth Executive Functioning: Relationships with Anxiety Symptoms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Gender-Affirming Medical Treatment Status

Prevalence of Mental Health Problems in Transgender Children Aged 9 to 10 Years in the US, 2018

Theories on the Link Between Autism Spectrum Conditions and Trans Gender Modality: a Systematic Review

Psychiatric Diagnoses Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Patients Compared to Cisgender Patients

Mental Healthcare Utilization of Transgender Youth Before and After Affirming Treatment

The nature of co-morbid psychopathology in adolescents with gender dysphoria

Demographics and gender-related measures in younger and older adolescents presenting to a gender service
thread https://x.com/EpiPeds/status/1591615513532456962?s=20&t=Hkq8s3WYlc5cRe5XIroQAg

Autogynephilia and Science: A Response to Moser (2022) and Serano and Veale (2022)

Can evolutionary thinking shed light on gender diversity?

Social media as an incubator of personality and behavioral psychopathology: Symptom and disorder authenticity or psychosomatic social contagion?

Assessment of Quality of Life of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents in Melbourne, Australia, 2017-2020

Developmental Pathway Choices of Young People Presenting to a Gender Service with Gender Distress: A Prospective Follow-Up Study

Family Characteristics, Transgender Identity and Emotional Symptoms in Adolescence: A Population Survey Study

Short-Term Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Dysphoria and Quality of Life in Transgender Individuals: A Prospective Controlled Study (abstract sounds happier than actual data)

Transidentities and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Eating disorder symptomatology among transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Are transgender people satisfied with their lives? (note no diff. in satification between medicalized and not)

Co-occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents

Higher Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Transgender Than in Cisgender Individuals: Results from a Single-Center Observational Study

Traumatic stress symptoms and PTSD risk in children served by Children's Advocacy Centers

Prevalence of substance use and mental health problems among transgender and cisgender U.S. adults: Results from a national probability sample (nonbinaries worse off than binaries)

The risk of psychosis for transgender individuals: a Dutch national cohort study

National Estimates of Gender-Affirming Surgery in the US

Gender-affirming treatment and mental health diagnoses in Danish transgender persons: a nationwide register-based cohort study (Controls and TG patients all accumulate psychiatric morbidity as time goes on)

Testosterone use and sexual function among transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female at birth (note 78% of participants reported sexual abuse history, 50% sexual assault)

Childhood and Adolescence Gender Role Nonconformity and Gender and Sexuality Diversity in Young Adulthood

Have the psychiatric needs of people seeking gender reassignment changed as their numbers increase? A register study in Finland

Gender as the New Language of Teen Rebellion

The U.S. Transgender Survey of 2015 Supports Rapid-Onset Gender Dysphoria: Revisiting the “Age of Realization and Disclosure of Gender Identity Among Transgender Adults”

Treatment Goals of Adolescents and Young Adults for Gender Dysphoria

Childhood separation anxiety in Iranian adult males and females with diverse sexual orientation and gender identity/expression

Do school and equality education characteristics influence young children’s understanding of sex/gender constancy?

Fluidity in Reporting Gender Identity Labels in a Sample of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents and Young Adults, Los Angeles, California, and New Orleans, Louisiana, 2017-2019 ("Of 235 TGD participants, 77% (n = 181) changed their identities at least once and 17% (n = 39) changed their identities ≥2 times")

Wahlverwandtschaften? Trans-Identifizierung und Anorexia nervosa als maladaptive Lösungsversuche für Entwicklungskonflikte in der weiblichen Adoleszenz

Mental health outcomes and suicidality in hospitalized transgender adolescents: A propensity score-matched Cross-sectional analysis of the National inpatient sample 2016-2018

Transgender identity in young people and adults recorded in UK primary care electronic patient records: retrospective, dynamic, cohort study

Examining gender-specific mental health risks after gender-affirming surgery: a national database study

Risk Factors for Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Trans Youth

Characteristics of a transgender and gender-diverse patient population in Utah: Use of electronic health records to advance clinical and health equity research

Screen use in transgender and gender-questioning adolescents: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Killing off the good little boy: transition as a solution to the problems of separation from the primary object

Trajectories of Gender Identity and Depressive Symptoms in Youths

Transmission of Mental Disorders in Adolescent Peer Networks

Prevalence of Diverse Genders and Sexualities in Australia and Associations With Five Forms of Child Maltreatment and Multi-type Maltreatment

Association Between Gender Minority Status and Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health in the United States

Psychiatric Comorbidities of Incarceration in a Patient With Gender Dysphoria: A Case Report and Literature Review

Childhood Parental Neglect, Abuse and Rejection Among Transgender Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation: Moderation by Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Early-Life Adversity

The Simple Rules of Social Contagion

Gender dysphoria in twins: a register-based population study

Sex Reassignment Surgery Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report, By Gender Transition (Female to Male, Male to Female); By End-Use; By Region; Segment Forecast, 2024- 2032

Mental Health Evaluation of Younger and Older Adolescents Referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria in Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Increases in Self-identifying as Transgender Among US Adults, 2014–2022

Functional brain networks are associated with both sex and gender in children
-
Other brain studies found the only "signature" in the brain for gender dysphoria when you zero out sexual orientation is the part that deals with body self image.

Emotional dysregulation and eating symptoms in gender dysphoria and eating disorders: the mediating role of body uneasiness

Deep learning models reveal replicable, generalizable, and behaviorally relevant sex differences in human functional brain organization.

Trends in Top Surgery Patient Characteristics, Wound Complications, and CPT Code Use by Plastic Surgeons

A comparison of gender diversity in transgender young people with and without autistic traits from the Trans 20 cohort study

Population-adjusted numbers, demographics and mental health among children and adolescents referred to the Norwegian National Center for Gender Incongruence over two decades

Gender-affirming care through the lens of abnormal illness behaviour and abnormal treatment behaviour

Examining gender-specific mental health risks after gender-affirming surgery: a national database study

Disparities in School Connectedness, Unstable Housing, Experiences of Violence, Mental Health, and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Transgender and Cisgender High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2023 (3% of high school kids identify as trans in this study)

Digital Distractions and Misinformation

Sexuality and Gender Diversity Among Adolescents in Australia, 2019-2021 (3.3% with 1.8% being nonbinary)

Are mental health awareness efforts contributing to the rise in reported mental health problems? A call to test the prevalence inflation hypothesis

Social factors behind the AFAB predominance in LGBT youths: evidence from a large European survey (they try to discredit T is a social contagion in females becuase LB going up as well, when the more likely explanation is these identities are all socially contagious, especially in females who claim B identifies but usually never have any ss experiences)

Exploring the Science of Sex Differences: 15 Fascinating Findings

The impact of gender-affirming interventions on eating disorder diagnosis risk among transgender and gender-diverse individuals

Gender-Affirming Medications Among Transgender Adolescents in the US, 2018-2022
-1 in 1,000 Privately Insured 17-Year-Olds Were Taking Cross-Sex Hormones Prior to State Bans

A review of major reconstructive and gender-affirming surgical techniques in genital surgery and care for the transgender patient population

Gender Dysphoria and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Frequency of probable social media addiction and correlates of problematic social networking sites use in a sample of transgender adults

Cut from the Same Cloth? Comparing the Sexuality of Male Cross-Dressers and Transfeminine Individuals Through the Conceptual Framework of Autogynephilia

Population-adjusted numbers, demographics and mental health among children and adolescents referred to the Norwegian National Center for Gender Incongruence over two decades
-Concerns about Nyquist et al., published 15 July 2024

Epidemiology of gender dysphoria and gender incongruence in children and young people attending primary care practices in England: retrospective cohort study

The evolution of pediatric transgender healthcare in Flanders: Trends in referrals, intakes and gender-affirming interventions over the last 15 years (high suicide rate in females)

Electronic health records identify timely trends in childhood mental health conditions (large increase in GD relative to other MH issues. Personality disorders decrease)

Examining general, physical, and mental health disparities between transgender and cisgender adults in the U.S. (increasing trans-ID over time)

Rise in Gender Dysphoria Diagnoses and Legal Gender Changes in Sweden: 2005–2017

Longitudinal Trends of Health Service Utilization for Gender Dysphoria in Germany between 2010 and 2021 – An Analysis of the TRANSKIDS-CARE Study Based on Health Insurance Data

Examining gender-specific mental health risks after gender-affirming surgery: a national database study (this is not a good study as the control group isn’t rigorous, correlation does not = causation, but it does show very high rates of MH problems among those who have received surgeries, and higher for than those who haven’t)
-https://x.com/benryanwriter/status/1898254914532315543

The antecedents of gender dysphoria and the associated thoughts, emotions, and ways of coping: a qualitative analysis and clinical implications

Interesting thread on suicide risk rate and teens

The Changing Face of Youth Sexuality

The Left Hand of Daftness

Parsing Non-binary

Transgender Brain Studies are Fatally Flawed

The Demography of Sweden's Transgender Population: A Research Note on Patterns, Changes, and Sociodemographics

Onset Age and Internalizing Problems in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: Is There an Association?

The Genetics of Same-Sex Sexual Orientation

Birth Order and Same-Sex Sexual Orientation

Stratified analysis of health and gender-affirming care among Italian transgender and gender diverse adults

Same Same but Different“: Geschlechtsdysphorie und Anorexia nervosa in der weiblichen Adoleszenz

Iatrogenic Gender Dysphoria and Harm Cycle in Gender Affirming Care